Exploration and virtual camera control in virtual three dimensional environments
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Wayfinding in large-scale virtual worlds
Wayfinding in large-scale virtual worlds
Constrained 3D navigation with 2D controllers
VIS '97 Proceedings of the 8th conference on Visualization '97
Exploring 3D navigation: combining speed-coupled flying with orbiting
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Developing 3D information systems for mobile users: some usability issues
Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
Presenting route instructions on mobile devices
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Viewpoint adaptation during navigation based on stimuli from the virtual environment
Web3D '03 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on 3D Web technology
Navigation and orientation in 3D user interfaces: the impact of navigation aids and landmarks
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Alternate feature location for rapid navigation using a 3D map on a mobile device
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile and ubiquitous multimedia
Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on 3D web technology
Acquisition of spatial knowledge in location aware mobile pedestrian navigation systems
Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Comparing physical, automatic and manual map rotation for pedestrian navigation
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Predicting time-sharing in mobile interaction
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Target acquisition with camera phones when used as magic lenses
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploring the design space of Smart Horizons
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Comparison of 3D and 2D menus for cell phones
Computers in Human Behavior
Salience of visual cues in 3D city maps
BCS '10 Proceedings of the 24th BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference
The whole world under your feet: field trial of embodied browsing of geotagged content
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
How real is real enough? optimal reality sampling for fast recognition of mobile imagery
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Exploring the design of hybrid interfaces for augmented posters in public spaces
Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design
Mobile mixed reality interface developments
SIGGRAPH Asia 2012 Symposium on Apps
A 3D UI for service multitasking in a 3D city map
Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference
The effects of 2D and 3D maps on learning virtual multi-level indoor environments
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on MapInteraction
A scalable architecture for 3D map navigation on mobile devices
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Factors influencing users' employment of mobile map services
Telematics and Informatics
Exploring distant objects with augmented reality
JVRC '13 Proceedings of the 5th Joint Virtual Reality Conference
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In comparison to 2D maps, 3D mobile maps involve volumetric instead of flat representation of space, realistic instead of symbolic representation of objects, more variable views that are directional and bound to a first-person perspective, more degrees of freedom in movement, and dynamically changing object details. We conducted a field experiment to understand the influence of these qualities on a mobile spatial task where buildings shown on the map were to be localized in the real world. The representational differences were reflected in how often users interact with the physical environment and in when they are more likely to physically turn and move the device, instead of using virtual commands. 2D maps direct users into using reliable and ubiquitous environmental cues like street names and crossings, and 2D better affords the use of pre-knowledge and bodily action to reduce cognitive workload. Both acclaimed virtues of 3D mobile maps--rapid identification of objects and ego-centric alignment--worked poorly due reasons we discuss. However, with practice, some 3D users learned to shift to 2D-like strategies and could thereby improve performance. We conclude with a discussion of how representational differences in mobile maps affect strategies of embodied interaction.