An overview of the BlueGene/L Supercomputer
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
A power, packaging, and cooling overview of the IBM eServer z900
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Blue Gene: a vision for protein science using a petaflop supercomputer
IBM Systems Journal - Deep computing for the life sciences
First- and second-level packaging of the z990 processor cage
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS) of the IBM eServer z990
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
Blue Gene/L compute chip: synthesis, timing, and physical design
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Fast synchronization for chip multiprocessors
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News - Special issue: dasCMP'05
Exploiting Fine-Grained Data Parallelism with Chip Multiprocessors and Fast Barriers
Proceedings of the 39th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Advancing supercomputer performance through interconnection topology synthesis
Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Overview of the Blue Gene/L system architecture
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Blue Gene/L compute chip: synthesis, timing, and physical design
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Blue Gene/L compute chip: control, test, and bring-up infrastructure
IBM Journal of Research and Development
A system level view of Petascale I/O on IBM Blue Gene/P
Computer Science - Research and Development
Using the TOP500 to trace and project technology and architecture trends
Proceedings of 2011 International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis
Low-Overhead, high-speed multi-core barrier synchronization
HiPEAC'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers
A case for random shortcut topologies for HPC interconnects
Proceedings of the 39th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Measuring power consumption on IBM Blue Gene/P
Computer Science - Research and Development
Packaging the IBM Blue Gene/Q supercomputer
IBM Journal of Research and Development
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As 1999 ended, IBM announced its intention to construct a one-petaflop supercomputer. The construction of this system was based on a cellular architecture--the use of relatively small but powerful building blocks used together in sufficient quantities to construct large systems. The first step on the road to a petaflop machine (one quadrillion floating-point operations in a second) is the Blue Gene®/L supercomputer. Blue Gene/L combines a low-power processor with a highly parallel architecture to achieve unparalleled computing performance per unit volume. Implementing the Blue Gene/L packaging involved trading off considerations of cost, power, cooling, signaling, electromagnetic radiation, mechanics, component selection, cabling, reliability, service strategy, risk, and schedule. This paper describes how 1,024 dual-processor compute application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are packaged in a scalable rack, and how racks are combined and augmented with host computers and remote storage. The Blue Gene/L interconnect, power, cooling, and control systems are described individually and as part of the synergistic whole.