Interaction-level support for collaborative learning: AlgoBlock—an open programming language
CSCL '95 The first international conference on Computer support for collaborative learning
SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Urp: a luminous-tangible workbench for urban planning and design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Tangible interaction + graphical interpretation: a new approach to 3D modeling
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fluid sketches: continuous recognition and morphing of simple hand-drawn shapes
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Cognitive cubes: a tangible user interface for cognitive assessment
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Illuminating clay: a 3-D tangible interface for landscape analysis
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction (4th Edition)
Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction (4th Edition)
Extending tangible interfaces for education: digital montessori-inspired manipulatives
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
ModelCraft: capturing freehand annotations and edits on physical 3D models
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A freehand sketching interface for progressive construction of 3D objects
Computers and Graphics
AudioCubes: a distributed cube tangible interface based on interaction range for sound design
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
MADO interface: a window like a tangible user interface to look into the virtual world
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Tangible paper interfaces: interpreting pupils' manipulations
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Interactive tabletops and surfaces
Paper interfaces for learning geometry
EC-TEL'12 Proceedings of the 7th European conference on Technology Enhanced Learning
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During the early stages of architectural training, tangibility plays an important role in developing spatial awareness. In such contexts, tangible user interfaces are believed to provide a significant advantage as they combine the affordances of both the physical and the digital world. We introduce CubeExplorer, a hybrid 3D conceptual aid that combines physical interaction and digital modeling in an effort to complement conventional architectural space-training tools (such as physical materials and digital CAD programs). Using a digital pen as an input mechanism, CubeExplorer lets users perform subtractive 3D geometric operations on a simple paper based cube model while observing the resulting model on a display. The tangibility of the model simplifies navigation and command execution, while the digital interface makes it easy for users to explore multiple alternative designs. To evaluate the potential of such an approach, we conducted a user study in a normal classroom environment where students were provided with physical (wooden block), hybrid (CubeExplorer), and virtual (FormZ) interfaces to complete the same assignment. Our evaluation showed that CubeExplorer combined the advantages of both digital and tangible media. The advantages of CubeExplorer over digital media were substantiated in a follow-up study comparing CubeExplorer and SketchUp in a similar building task.