Interacting with paper on the DigitalDesk
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
The Myth of the Paperless Office
The Myth of the Paperless Office
A taxonomy for and analysis of tangible interfaces
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Getting a grip on tangible interaction: a framework on physical space and social interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Quiet interfaces that help students think
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interactive multimedia animation with Macromedia Flash in Descriptive Geometry teaching
Computers & Education
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Physical space and division of labor around a tabletop tangible simulation
CSCL'09 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computer supported collaborative learning - Volume 1
CoScribe: Integrating Paper and Digital Documents for Collaborative Knowledge Work
IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies
Paper-based concept map: the effects of tabletop on an expressive collaborative learning task
Proceedings of the 23rd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Celebrating People and Technology
Tangible interfaces for download: initial observations from users' everyday environments
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Cubeexplorer: an evaluation of interaction techniques in architectural education
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part II
Paper interface design for classroom orchestration
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tangible interfaces: when physical-virtual coupling may be detrimental to learning
BCS-HCI '12 Proceedings of the 26th Annual BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference on People and Computers
Paper interfaces for learning geometry
EC-TEL'12 Proceedings of the 7th European conference on Technology Enhanced Learning
Activity pad: teaching tool combining tangible interaction and affordance of paper
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international conference on Interactive tabletops and surfaces
Enabling relationship building in tabletop-supported advisory settings
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing
QOOK: enhancing information revisitation for active reading with a paper book
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
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Paper interfaces merge the advantages of the digital and physical world. They can be created using normal paper augmented by a camera+projector system. They are particularly promising for applications in education, because paper is already fully integrated in the classroom, and computers can augment them with a dynamic display. However, people mostly use paper as a document, and rarely for its characteristics as a physical body. In this article, we show how the tangible nature of paper can be used to extract information about the learning activity. We present an augmented reality activity for pupils in primary schools to explore the classification of quadrilaterals based on sheets, cards, and cardboard shapes. We present a preliminary study and an in-situ, controlled study, making use of this activity. From the detected positions of the various interface elements, we show how to extract indicators about problem solving, hesitation, difficulty levels of the exercises, and the division of labor among the groups of pupils. Finally, we discuss how such indicators can be used, and how other interfaces can be designed to extract different indicators.