An empirical comparison of pie vs. linear menus
CHI '88 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Split menus: effectively using selection frequency to organize menus
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
The design and evaluation of marking menus
The design and evaluation of marking menus
101 spots, or how do users read menus?
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Eye tracking the visual search of click-down menus
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Visual search and mouse-pointing in labeled versus unlabeled two-dimensional visual hierarchies
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
A comparison of static, adaptive, and adaptable menus
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
High-cost banner blindness: Ads increase perceived workload, hinder visual search, and are forgotten
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
A predictive model of menu performance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Wave menus: improving the novice mode of hierarchical marking menus
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction
Supporting menu design with radial layouts
Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Menu research has focused predominantly on linear menus (e.g., cascading menus). Little is known about user behavior with radial menus, which have been around for some time. The paper investigates the order in which users find items in radial menus. We analyze data collected in a controlled experiment and define serial position for items laid out in a circular fashion. For the first level (ring), the serial positions start at 12 o'clock position and alternate between both sides of the ring. For subsequent levels, the serial positions follow distance from a parent item. The defined search pattern yields strong fit and has substantial effect on search performance. We discuss the results in the context of radial menu design.