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Numerical Methods for Unconstrained Optimization and Nonlinear Equations (Classics in Applied Mathematics, 16)
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RTSS '05 Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
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ATEC '03 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
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Energy-Efficient Scheduling for Real-Time Systems on Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) Platforms
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ISCA '08 Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
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Thread motion: fine-grained power management for multi-core systems
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Journal of Embedded Computing - PATMOS 2007 selected papers on low power electronics
A feedback-based approach to DVFS in data-flow applications
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Power optimization for dynamic configuration in heterogeneous web server clusters
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Compiler-assisted leakage-aware loop scheduling for embedded VLIW DSP processors
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Green: a framework for supporting energy-conscious programming using controlled approximation
PLDI '10 Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
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Leveraging Performance and Power Savings for Embedded Systems Using Multiple Target Deadlines
QSIC '10 Proceedings of the 2010 10th International Conference on Quality Software
Energy aware consolidation for cloud computing
HotPower'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Power aware computing and systems
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Journal of Systems and Software
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Some observations on optimal frequency selection in DVFS-based energy consumption minimization
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
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Energy efficiency at the software level has gained much attention in the past decade. This paper presents a performance-aware frequency assignment algorithm for reducing processor energy consumption using Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS). Existing energy-saving techniques often rely on simplified predictions or domain knowledge to extract energy savings for specialized software (such as multimedia or mobile applications) or hardware (such as NPU or sensor nodes). We present an innovative framework, known as EClass, for general-purpose DVFS processors by recognizing short and repetitive utilization patterns efficiently using machine learning. Our algorithm is lightweight and can save up to 52.9% of the energy consumption compared with the classical PAST algorithm. It achieves an average savings of 9.1% when compared with an existing online learning algorithm that also utilizes the statistics from the current execution only. We have simulated the algorithms on a cycle-accurate power simulator. Experimental results show that EClass can effectively save energy for real life applications that exhibit mixed CPU utilization patterns during executions. Our research challenges an assumption among previous work in the research community that a simple and efficient heuristic should be used to adjust the processor frequency online. Our empirical result shows that the use of an advanced algorithm such as machine learning can not only compensate for the energy needed to run such an algorithm, but also outperforms prior techniques based on the above assumption.