Convergence of an annealing algorithm
Mathematical Programming: Series A and B
Free-form deformation of solid geometric models
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Simulated annealing: theory and applications
Simulated annealing: theory and applications
Good vibrations: modal dynamics for graphics and animation
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A virtual environment and model of the eye for surgical simulation
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Haptic rendering: programming touch interaction with virtual objects
I3D '95 Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Large steps in cloth simulation
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Future Generation Computer Systems
A scalable force propagation approach for web-based deformable simulation of soft tissues
Proceedings of the seventh international conference on 3D Web technology
Visualizing and Segmenting Large Volumetric Data Sets
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Using Optical Flow Fields for Polyp Detection in Virtual Colonoscopy
MICCAI '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention
Parametric Eyeball Model for Interactive Simulation of Ophthalmologic Surgery
MICCAI '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention
Computer Aided Diagnosis for Virtual Colonography
MICCAI '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention
Craniofacial Surgery Simulation
VBC '96 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Visualization in Biomedical Computing
Haptics Issues in Virtual Environments
CGI '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics
A constraint-based god-object method for haptic display
IROS '95 Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems-Volume 3 - Volume 3
Three-dimensional facial model reconstruction and plastic surgery simulation
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
Visualization and simulation techniques for surgical simulators using actual patient's data
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
A new virtual reality approach for planning of cardiac interventions
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
A multimodal virtual environment for interacting with 3d deformable models
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia
Soft tissue deformation with reaction-diffusion process for surgery simulation
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
A point-based simulation framework for minimally invasive surgery
ISBMS'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Biomedical Simulation
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Modeling of tissue deformation is of great importance to virtual reality (VR)-based medical simulations. Considerable effort has been dedicated to the development of interactively deformable virtual tissues. In this paper, an efficient and scalable deformable model is presented for virtual-reality-based medical applications. It considers deformation as a localized force transmittal process which is governed by algorithms based on breadth-first search (BFS). The computational speed is scalable to facilitate real-time interaction by adjusting the penetration depth. Simulated annealing (SA) algorithms are developed to optimize the model parameters by using the reference data generated with the linear static finite element method (FEM). The mechanical behavior and timing performance of the model have been evaluated. The model has been applied to simulate the typical behavior of living tissues and anisotropic materials. Integration with a haptic device has also been achieved on a generic personal computer (PC) platform. The proposed technique provides a feasible solution for VR-based medical simulations and has the potential for multi-user collaborative work in virtual environment.