The spatial metaphor for user interfaces: experimental tests of reference by location versus name
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluating stereo and motion cues for visualizing information nets in three dimensions
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
The WebBook and the Web Forager: an information workspace for the World-Wide Web
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Data mountain: using spatial memory for document management
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Visualization of search results: a comparative evaluation of text, 2D, and 3D interfaces
Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Guidelines for using multiple views in information visualization
AVI '00 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Evaluating the effectiveness of spatial memory in 2D and 3D physical and virtual environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
User-Centered Design and Evaluation of Virtual Environments
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
HCI '98 Proceedings of HCI on People and Computers XIII
A Hybrid 2D / 3D User Interface for Immersive Object Modeling
CGI '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Graphics International
2D vs 3D, Implications on Spatial Memory
INFOVIS '01 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2001 (INFOVIS'01)
Exploring Context Switching and Cognition in Dual-View Coordinated Visualizations
CMV '03 Proceedings of the conference on Coordinated and Multiple Views In Exploratory Visualization
Revisiting 2D vs 3D implications on spatial memory
AUIC '04 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28
Information-rich virtual environments: theory, tools, and research agenda
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Browsing a document collection represented in two-and three-dimensional virtual information space
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Mixed-dimension interaction in virtual environments
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
A Hybrid User Interface for Manipulation of Volumetric Medical Data
3DUI '06 Proceedings of the 3D User Interfaces
Flexible Gesture Recognition for Immersive Virtual Environments
IV '06 Proceedings of the conference on Information Visualization
DynaQ - Dynamic Queries for Electronic Document Management
EDOCW '06 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE on International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops
A comparison of different input devices for a 3D environment
Proceedings of the 14th European conference on Cognitive ergonomics: invent! explore!
Designing a hybrid user interface: a case study on an oil and gas application
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry
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Many authors in the field of 3D human computer interaction have described the advantages of 3D user interfaces: Intuitive metaphors from daily life, immersive workspaces, virtual environments that closely resemble natural environments, and the usefulness of the third dimension as an additional visualization scale. Nevertheless, there are still few or no successful applications for complex information spaces that make use of it in a natural human-centered manner. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid user interface for knowledge workers to support document spaces and corresponding visualizations. We propose a combined 2D + 3D interface to support both visualization approaches and interaction metaphors to their maximum potential. Interaction is matched due to the principle of dimensional congruence and a thorough investigation of previous approaches and problems is given. Finally, a user study to evaluate the effectiveness and usability of the proposed system is presented.