The effects of viewpoint on the virtual space of pictures
Pictorial communication in virtual and real environments
Evaluating space perception in NPR immersive environments
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Distance Perception and the Visual Horizon in Head-Mounted Displays
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Perception of Shared Visual Space: Establishing Common Ground in Real and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Distance estimation in virtual and real environments using bisection
Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Effects of stereo viewing conditions on distance perception in virtual environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Misperceptions in stereoscopic displays: a vision science perspective
Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
HMD calibration and its effects on distance judgments
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Transitional environments enhance distance perception in immersive virtual reality systems
Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
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Virtual reality systems commonly include both monocular and binocular depth cues, which have the potential to provide viewers with a realistic impression of spatial properties of the virtual environment. However, when multiple viewers share the same display, only one viewer typically receives the projectively correct images. All other viewers experience the same images despite displacement from the center of projection (CoP). Three experiments evaluated perceptual distortions caused by displacement from the CoP and compared those percepts to predictions of models based on monocular and binocular viewing geometry. Leftward and rightward displacement from the CoP caused virtual angles on the ground plane to be judged as larger and smaller, respectively, compared to judgments from the CoP. Backward and forward displacement caused rectangles on the ground plane to be judged as larger and smaller in depth, respectively, compared to judgments from the CoP. Judgment biases were in the same direction as cue-based model predictions but of smaller magnitude. Displacement from the CoP had asymmetric effects on perceptual judgments, unlike model predictions. Perceptual distortion occurred with monocular cues alone but was exaggerated when binocular cues were added. The results are grounded in terms of practical implications for multiuser virtual environments.