A computational model for the stereoscopic optics of a head-mounted display
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
Camera Calibration with Distortion Models and Accuracy Evaluation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Improving static and dynamic registration in an optical see-through HMD
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Using texture maps to correct for optical distortion in head-mounted displays
VRAIS '95 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS'95)
Practical Solutions for Calibration of Optical See-Through Devices
ISMAR '02 Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
A Method for Calibrating See-Through Head-Mounted Displays for AR
IWAR '99 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Distance Perception and the Visual Horizon in Head-Mounted Displays
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
The influence of feedback on egocentric distance judgments in real and virtual environments
APGV '06 Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Minification influences spatial judgments in virtual environments
APGV '06 Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Judging Perceived and Traversed Distance in Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Effects of stereo viewing conditions on distance perception in virtual environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
HMD calibration and its effects on distance judgments
Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Recalibration of rotational locomotion in immersive virtual environments
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Can I pass?: using affordances to measure perceived size in virtual environments
Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Estimation of virtual interpupillary distances for immersive head-mounted displays
Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Augmentation techniques for efficient exploration in head-mounted display environments
Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
Realistic perspective projections for virtual objects and environments
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
The perception of egocentric distances in virtual environments - A review
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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Most head-mounted displays (HMDs) suffer from substantial optical distortion, and vendor-supplied specifications for field-of-view often are at variance with reality. Unless corrected, such displays do not present perspective-related visual cues in a geometrically correct manner. Distorted geometry has the potential to affect applications of HMDs, which depend on precise spatial perception. This article provides empirical evidence for the degree to which common geometric distortions affect one type of spatial judgment in virtual environments. We show that minification or magnification in the HMD that would occur from misstated HMD field of view causes significant changes in distance judgments. Incorrectly calibrated pitch and pincushion distortion, however, do not cause statistically significant changes in distance judgments for the degree of distortions examined. While the means for determining the optical distortion of display systems are well known, they are often not used in non-see-through HMDs due to problems in measuring and correcting for distortion. As a result, we also provide practical guidelines for creating geometrically calibrated systems.