A computational model for the stereoscopic optics of a head-mounted display
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
The CAVE: audio visual experience automatic virtual environment
Communications of the ACM
Balancing fusion, image depth and distortion in stereoscopic head-tracked displays
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Viewing Geometric Protein Structures From Inside a CAVE
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Large Displays in Automotive Design
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Perceived Egocentric Distances in Real, Image-Based, and Traditional Virtual Environments
VR '02 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2002
Using texture maps to correct for optical distortion in head-mounted displays
VRAIS '95 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS'95)
Presence in virtual environments as a function of visual and auditory cues
VRAIS '95 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS'95)
Virtual Reality System Effects on Size Distance Judgments in a Virtual Environment
VRAIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96)
Virtual Reality Used in a Collaborative Architectural Design Process
IV '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Visualisation
A CAVE-like environment as a tool for full-size train design
Virtual Reality
The effects of head-mounted display mechanics on distance judgments in virtual environments
APGV '04 Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Training in Peacekeeping Operations Using Virtual Environments
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Distance perception in real and virtual environments
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Distance Perception and the Visual Horizon in Head-Mounted Displays
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Quantifying the benefits of immersion for collaboration in virtual environments
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Distance Perception in Immersive Virtual Environments, Revisited
VR '06 Proceedings of the IEEE conference on Virtual Reality
The influence of feedback on egocentric distance judgments in real and virtual environments
APGV '06 Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Minification influences spatial judgments in virtual environments
APGV '06 Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Judging Perceived and Traversed Distance in Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Human Factors Issues in Virtual Environments: A Review of the Literature
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Egocentric Depth Judgments in Optical, See-Through Augmented Reality
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Sidh - a Game Based Firefighter Training Simulation
IV '07 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Information Visualization
Distance estimation in virtual and real environments using bisection
Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Effects of stereo viewing conditions on distance perception in virtual environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
A full-body avatar improves egocentric distance judgments in an immersive virtual environment
Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Virtual prototype visualization: a size perception study
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Measurement Protocols for Medium-Field Distance Perception in Large-Screen Immersive Displays
VR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference
Visual Realism Enhances Realistic Response in an Immersive Virtual Environment
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
HMD calibration and its effects on distance judgments
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Distance perception in NPR immersive virtual environments, revisited
Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Display size does not affect egocentric distance perception of naturalistic stimuli
Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
CW '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on CyberWorlds
Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
The effect of viewing a self-avatar on distance judgments in an hmd-based virtual environment
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Egocentric distance judgments in a large screen display immersive virtual environment
Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Can I pass?: using affordances to measure perceived size in virtual environments
Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Natural Perspective Projections for Head-Mounted Displays
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Realistic perspective projections for virtual objects and environments
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Effects of scale change on distance perception in virtual environments
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
VRAIS '93 Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
VR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Geometric Calibration of Head-Mounted Displays and its Effects on Distance Estimation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
The effect of isolated disparity on depth perception in real and virtual environments
VR '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Virtual Reality
The effects of virtual character animation on spatial judgments
VR '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Virtual Reality
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
Minification and gap affordances in head-mounted displays
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
Technical Section: A review of virtual environments for training in ball sports
Computers and Graphics
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Over the last 20 years research has been done on the question of how egocentric distances, i.e., the subjectively reported distance from a human observer to an object, are perceived in virtual environments. This review surveys the existing literature on empirical user studies on this topic. In summary, there is a mean estimation of egocentric distances in virtual environments of about 74% of the modeled distances. Many factors possibly influencing distance estimates were reported in the literature. We arranged these factors into four groups, namely measurement methods, technical factors, compositional factors, and human factors. The research on these factors is summarized, conclusions are drawn, and promising areas for future research are outlined.