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on ECOOP '88 (European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming)
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CSCW '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
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AI & Society
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
MASSIVE: a collaborative virtual environment for teleconferencing
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on virtual reality software and technology
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CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Crowded collaborative virtual environments
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
NetEffect: a network architecture for large-scale multi-user virtual worlds
VRST '97 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Fragmented interaction: establishing mutual orientation in virtual environments
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Re-coupling tailored user interfaces
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
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ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
The Invisible World of Intermediaries: A Cautionary Tale
Computer Supported Cooperative Work - Special issue: a web on the wind: the structure of invisible work
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GROUP '99 Proceedings of the international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
Visualizing Common Artefacts to Support Awareness inComputer-Mediated Cooperation
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Voice Loops as Coordination Aids in Space ShuttleMission Control
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
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Proceedings of the Sixth European conference on Computer supported cooperative work
PSI: a platform for shared interaction
Proceedings of the Sixth European conference on Computer supported cooperative work
NESSIE: an awareness environment for cooperative settings
Proceedings of the Sixth European conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Inside the IMF: An Ethnography of Documents, Technology, and Organizational Action
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Interactive Multiuser VEs in the DIVE System
IEEE MultiMedia
A Taxonomy for Networked Virtual Environments
IEEE MultiMedia
Locales and Beacons: Efficient and Precise Support for Large Multi-User Virtual Environments
VRAIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96)
MetaWeb: bringing synchronous groupware to the world wide web
ECSCW'97 Proceedings of the fifth conference on European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Critical approach to 3D virtual realities for group work
Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
Supporting Group Awareness in Web Based Learning Environments
EDCIS '02 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Engineering and Deployment of Cooperative Information Systems
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
ATLAS: A Scalable Network Framework for Distributed Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A task-based load distribution scheme for multi-server-based distributed virtual environment systems
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Networked Graphics: Building Networked Games and Virtual Environments
Networked Graphics: Building Networked Games and Virtual Environments
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Three suggestions are made for extensions from and to CVE's: awareness of others, multiple media, and scalability. Awareness of others and their activities is strongly desirable in all media and applications, not just in CVE's. Multiple media are not seriously catered for in existing CVE's, and a suitable architecture will precede popular applications. CVE's need to be scalable to greater numbers of people, and achieving this also has implications for greater flexibility and reconfigurability. With respect to awareness of others, we argue that the Web and most document handling applications are unaware of others in the workgroup or community, and this limits the ability to support real work practice. We present a Web application (CRACK!) that provides 'people-awareness' in the Web, between the Web and VR's, and that should be extensible to other standard document handling programs. With respect to multiple media, we argue that many media are needed for collaboration, since each has its own special benefits and affordances. We present a scalable architecture for handling multiple media (VR, video, audio, text, and documents). An important feature of the architecture is that the presentation level integration. With respect to scalability we note that upward scalability is important as it also gives a new ability to join, re-divide, and thus create new 'worlds'. We give an example of a novel dynamic partitioning algorithm to achieve upward scalability. We argue that 'downward' scalability to e.g. mobiles, and 'sideways scalability' to specialist e.g. audio or video devices is important in achieving multiple media CVE's. Taken together, these innovations may stimulate new generations of CVE's.