Towards a general theory of action and time
Artificial Intelligence
Communicating sequential processes
Communicating sequential processes
A rational design process: How and why to fake it
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Safety analysis of timing properties in real-time systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special issue on reliability and safety in real-time process control
System identification: theory for the user
System identification: theory for the user
Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems
Science of Computer Programming
Temporal logics and their applications
Applications of temporal logic to the specification of real time systems (extended abstract)
Proceedings of a Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems
A Prototyping Language for Real-Time Software
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
The Z notation: a reference manual
The Z notation: a reference manual
Reasoning About Time in Higher-Level Language Software
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
TRIO: A logic language for executable specifications of real-time systems
Journal of Systems and Software - On the role of language in programming
RSF: A Formalism for Executable Requirement Specifications
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Specifying real-time properties with metric temporal logic
Real-Time Systems
Implementing fault-tolerant services using the state machine approach: a tutorial
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Software Requirements Analysis for Real-Time Process-Control Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Specifying and verifying requirements of real-time systems
SIGSOFT '91 Proceedings of the conference on Software for citical systems
Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals
Communications of the ACM
Modern Control Systems
Nonlinear Control Systems
Guest Editors' Introduction: Requirements Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Metric Spaces as Models for Real-Time Concurrency
Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Mathematical Foundations of Programming Language Semantics
Towards a Design Calculus for Communicationg Programs
CONCUR '91 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Concurrency Theory
Duration Specifications for Shared Processors
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems
ISL: An Interval Logic for the Specification of Real-time Programs
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems
Semantics and Completeness of Duration Calculus
Proceedings of the Real-Time: Theory in Practice, REX Workshop
Proceedings of the Real-Time: Theory in Practice, REX Workshop
An interval logic for higher-level temporal reasoning
PODC '83 Proceedings of the second annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Correctness and communication in real-time systems (tcsp)
Correctness and communication in real-time systems (tcsp)
Assessment of Safety-Critical Specifications
IEEE Software
A graphical environment for the design of concurrent real-time systems
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
Formal Requirements Analysis of an Avionics Control System
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special issue on formal methods in software practice
Synthesising controllers from real-time specifications
ISSS '97 Proceedings of the 10th international symposium on System synthesis
From formal models to formally based methods: an industrial experience
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
Verification of an audio control protocol within real time process algebra
FMSP '98 Proceedings of the second workshop on Formal methods in software practice
Requirements-based monitors for real-time systems
Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Software testing and analysis
Requirements-Based Monitors for Real-Time Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Pinnacles of software engineering: 25 years of formal methods
Annals of Software Engineering
From Safety Analysis to Software Requirements
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Real-Time Constraints Through the ProCoS Layers
Correct System Design, Recent Insight and Advances, (to Hans Langmaack on the occasion of his retirement from his professorship at the University of Kiel)
Correct Real-Time Software for Programmable Logic Controllers
Correct System Design, Recent Insight and Advances, (to Hans Langmaack on the occasion of his retirement from his professorship at the University of Kiel)
Compilation and Synthesis for Real-Time Embedded Controllers
Correct System Design, Recent Insight and Advances, (to Hans Langmaack on the occasion of his retirement from his professorship at the University of Kiel)
Sharpening the Undecidability of Interval Temporal Logic
ASIAN '00 Proceedings of the 6th Asian Computing Science Conference on Advances in Computing Science
Duration Calculus, a Logical Approach to Real-Time Systems
AMAST '98 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Algebraic Methodology and Software Technology
A Framework for Decidable Metrical Logics
ICAL '99 Proceedings of the 26th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
Decomposing Real-Time Specifications
COMPOS'97 Revised Lectures from the International Symposium on Compositionality: The Significant Difference
Take It NP-Easy: Bounded Model Construction for Duration Calculus
FTRTFT '02 Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems: Co-sponsored by IFIP WG 2.2
Tableau-Based Automated Deduction for Duration Calculus
TABLEAUX '02 Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods
An Agenda for Specifying Software Components with Complex Data Models
SAFECOMP '98 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security
CoRSA - A Constraint Based Approach to Requirements and Safety Analysis
SAFECOMP '98 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security
Combining Specification Techniques for Processes, Data and Time
IFM '02 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods
CSP-OZ-DC: a combination of specification techniques for processes, data and time
Nordic Journal of Computing
Extending Statecharts with Duration
COMPSAC '96 Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Computer Software and Applications
CODES '94 Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Hardware/software co-design
An approach to analyzing availability properties of security protocols
Nordic Journal of Computing
Decidability of a Hybrid Duration Calculus
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
A theory of duration calculus with application
Domain modeling and the duration calculus
A robust interpretation of duration calculus
ICTAC'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Theoretical Aspects of Computing
Proving Newtonian arbiters Correct, almost surely
DCC'96 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Designing Correct Circuits
FAC-RW'96 Proceedings of the BCS-FACS 7th conference on Refinement
Petri nets state space analysis in the cloud
Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering
Succinctness Gap between Monadic Logic and Duration Calculus
Fundamenta Informaticae
Timed traces and strand spaces
CSR'07 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Computer Science: theory and applications
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An approach to specification of requirements and verification of design for real-time systems is presented. A system is defined by a conventional mathematical model for a dynamic system where application specific states denote functions of real time. Specifications are formulas in duration calculus, a real-time interval logic, where predicates define durations of states. Requirements define safety and functionality constraints on the system or a component. A top-level design is given by a control law: a predicate that defines an automation controlling the transition between phases of operation. Each phase maintains certain relations among the system states; this is analogous to the control functions known from conventional control theory. The top-level design is decomposed into an architecture for a distributed system with specifications for sensor, actuator, and program components. Programs control the distributed computation through synchronous events. Sensors and actuators relate events with system states. Verification is a deduction showing that a design implies requirements.