Musings on telepresence and virtual presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
Disney's Aladdin: first steps toward storytelling in virtual reality
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Charting presence in virtual environments and its effects on performance
Charting presence in virtual environments and its effects on performance
The Experience of Presence: Factor Analytic Insights
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Measuring Presence: A Response to the Witmer and Singer Presence Questionnaire
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Virtual guiding avatar: an effective procedure to reduce simulator sickness in virtual environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Observing effects of attention on presence with fMRI
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Perceived 3DTV viewing in the public: insights from a three-day field evaluation study
Proceddings of the 9th international interactive conference on Interactive television
Computers in Human Behavior
Usability benchmarks for motion tracking systems
Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
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It has long been argued that the possibility to interact in and with a virtual environment (VE) enhances the sense of presence. On the basis of a three-component model of presence, we specify this hypothesis and argue that the mental representation of possible actions should especially enhance spatial presence, and to a lesser extent the involvement and realness of a VE. We support this hypothesis in three studies. A correlative study showed that self-reported interaction possibilities correlated significantly with spatial presence, but not with the other two factors. A first experimental study showed that possible self-movement significantly increased spatial presence and realness. A second experimental study showed that even the illusion of interaction, with no actual interaction taking place, significantly increased spatial presence.