Musings on telepresence and virtual presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
Autonomy, interaction, and presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
The presence of field geologists in Mars-like terrain
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Being there: the subjective experience of presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Quantifying immersion in virtual reality
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Human Factors Evaluation Techniques to Aid Understanding of Virtual Interfaces
BT Technology Journal
Real and illusory interactions enhance presence in virtual environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Virtual environments: Virtual environments and mobile robots: Control, simulation, and robot pilot training
Do Avatars Dream of Digital Sheep? Virtual People and the Sense of Presence
VR '02 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2002
The Dichotomy of Presence Elements: The Where and What
VR '03 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2003
A Virtual Reality System for Neurobehavioral and fMRI Studies
VR '03 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2003
Designing for presence and performance: the case of the virtual fish tank
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Fourth international workshop on presence
Being and time: judged presence and duration as a function of media form
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence equation: an investigation into cognitive factors underlying presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Space extension: the perceptual presence perspective
VRCAI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH international conference on Virtual Reality continuum and its applications in industry
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A Conceptual Model of the Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
DS-RT '07 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications
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Presence is one of the goals of many virtual reality systems. Historically, in the context of virtual reality, the concept of presence has been associated much with spatial perception (bottom up process) as its informal definition of "feeling of being there" suggests. However, recent studies in presence have challenged this view and attempted to widen the concept to include psychological immersion, thus linking more high level elements (processed in a top down fashion) to presence such as story and plots, flow, attention and focus, identification with the characters, emotion, etc. In this paper, we experimentally studied the relationship between two content elements, each representing the two axis of the presence dichotomy, perceptual cues for spatial presence and sustained attention for (psychological) immersion. Our belief was that spatial perception or presence and a top down processed concept such as voluntary attention have only a very weak relationship, thus our experimental hypothesis was that sustained attention would positively affect spatial presence in a virtual environment with impoverished perceptual cues, but have no effect in an environment rich in them. In order to confirm the existence of the sustained attention in the experiment, fMRI of the subjects were taken and analyzed as well. The experimental results showed that that attention had no effect on spatial presence, even in the environment with impoverished spatial cues.