Distal attribution and presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
Musings on telepresence and virtual presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
Being there: the subjective experience of presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Computers as Theatre
A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: a global media quality metric
EGVE'01 Proceedings of the 7th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments & 5th Immersive Projection Technology
Observing effects of attention on presence with fMRI
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Presence, workload and performance effects of synthetic environment design factors
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Influence of individual factors on presence
Computers in Human Behavior
Anxiety increases the feeling of presence in virtual reality
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Improving presence theory through experiential design
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The movement patterns and the experiential components of virtual environments
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The relationship between individual characteristics and experienced presence
Computers in Human Behavior
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The relationship between presence and cognitive factors such as absorption, creative imagination, empathy, and willingness to experience presence was investigated. Presence was defined, operationalized, and measured using a questionnaire that we devised. Absorption and creative imagination were measured using questionnaires developed in the area of hypnosis, and empathy was assessed through an interpersonal reactivity index. Results indicated significant correlations between presence and each cognitive factor. They showed that persons who are highly fantasy prone, more empathic, more absorbed, more creative, or more willing to be transported to the virtual world experienced a greater sense of presence. Regression analysis led to a presence equation, which could be used to predict presence based on the investigated cognitive factors. Findings are congruent with user characteristics presented by the presence iterature and support the position that individual differences are important for the study of presence.