Musings on telepresence and virtual presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
Presence and performance within virtual environments
Virtual environments and advanced interface design
The influence of dynamic shadows on presence in immersive virtual environments
VE '95 Selected papers of the Eurographics workshops on Virtual environments '95
VR '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality
Simulator Sickness and Presence in a High FOV Virtual Environment
VR '01 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR'01)
VR '02 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2002
Visualizing the structure of virtual objects using head tracked stereoscopic displays
VRAIS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS '97)
Presence equation: an investigation into cognitive factors underlying presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence and task performance: an approach in the light of cognitive style
Cognition, Technology and Work
Absorption, dissociation, locus of control and presence in virtual reality
Computers in Human Behavior
The Experience of Presence: Factor Analytic Insights
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Influence of individual factors on presence
Computers in Human Behavior
Predicting presence: Constructing the Tendency toward Presence Inventory
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Behavioral avoidance dynamics in the presence of a virtual spider
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
The role of presence in the level of anxiety experienced in clinical virtual environments
Computers in Human Behavior
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Multimodal behavioral analysis for non-invasive stress detection
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
The relationship between individual characteristics and experienced presence
Computers in Human Behavior
The effects of VEs on mobility impaired users: presence, gait, and physiological response
Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
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In the literature, there are few studies of the human factors involved in the engagement of presence. The present study aims to investigate the influence of five user characteristics - test anxiety, spatial intelligence, verbal intelligence, personality and computer experience - on the sense of presence. This is the first study to investigate the influence of spatial intelligence on the sense of presence, and the first to use an immersive virtual reality system to investigate the relationship between users' personality characteristics and presence. The results show a greater sense of presence in test anxiety environments than in a neutral environment. Moreover, high test anxiety students feel more presence than their non-test anxiety counterparts. Spatial intelligence and introversion also influence the sense of presence experienced by high test anxiety students exposed to anxiety triggering virtual environments. These results may help to identify new groups of patients likely to benefit from virtual reality exposure therapy.