Dynamic real-time deformations using space & time adaptive sampling
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A scalable force propagation approach for web-based deformable simulation of soft tissues
Proceedings of the seventh international conference on 3D Web technology
Online Multiresolution Volumetric Mass Spring Model for Real Time Soft Tissue Deformation
MICCAI '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention-Part II
Deriving a Particle System from Continuum Mechanics for the Animation of Deformable Objects
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Non-linear anisotropic elasticity for real-time surgery simulation
Graphical Models - Special issue on SMI 2002
Tailor tools for interactive design of clothing in virtual environments
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Exploring Parallel Algorithms for Volumetric Mass-Spring-Damper Models in CUDA
ISBMS '08 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Biomedical Simulation
Haptic simulation of a tool in contact with a nonlinear deformable body
IS4TM'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Surgery simulation and soft tissue modeling
Overlay of patient-specific anatomical data for advanced navigation in surgery simulation
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Digital Engineering
Dynamic deformation using adaptable, linked asynchronous FEM regions
Proceedings of the 25th Spring Conference on Computer Graphics
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In this paper, we describe the basic components of a surgery simulator prototype developed at INRIA. After a short presentation of the geometric modeling of anatomical structures from medical images, we insist on the physical modeling components which must allow realistic interaction with surgical instruments. We present three physical models which are well suited for surgery simulation. Those models are based on linear elasticity theory and finite elements modeling. The first model pre-computes the deformations and forces applied on a finite element model, therefore allowing the deformation of large structures in real-time. Unfortunately, it does not allow any topology change of the mesh therefore forbids the simulation of cutting during surgery. The second physical model is based on a dynamic law of motion and allows to simulate cutting and tearing. We called this model "tensor-mass" since it is analogous to spring-mass models for linear elasticity. This model allows volumetric deformations and cuttings, but has to be applied to a limited number of nodes to run in real-time. Finally, we propose a method for combining those two approaches into a hybrid model which may allow real time deformations and cuttings of large enough anatomical structures. This model has been implemented in a simulation system and real-time experiments are described and illustrated.