EuroPARC's integrated interactive intermedia facility (IIIF): early experiences
Proceedings of the IFIP WG 8.4 confernece on Multi-user interfaces and applications
Integration of interpersonal space and shared workspace: ClearBoard design and experiments
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Multiparty videoconferencing at virtual social distance: MAJIC design
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
vic: a flexible framework for packet video
Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Multimedia
Inter-personal awareness and synchronization: assessing the value of communication technologies
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: the role of cognitive science in human-computer interaction
The GAZE groupware system: mediating joint attention in multiparty communication and collaboration
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Eye gaze patterns in conversations: there is more to conversational agents than meets the eyes
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Leveraging the asymmetric sensitivity of eye contact for videoconference
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Remote conversations: the effects of mediating talk with technology
Human-Computer Interaction
What is connected by mutual gaze?: user's behavior in video-mediated communication
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tools for designing and delivering multiple-perspective scenarios
OZCHI '06 Proceedings of the 18th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Design: Activities, Artefacts and Environments
Visual filler: facilitating smooth turn-taking in video conferencing with transmission delay
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Critical success factors for video conferencing
International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations
As go the feet...: on the estimation of attentional focus from stance
ICMI '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Achieving eye contact in a one-to-many 3D video teleconferencing system
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
A comparative evaluation of TV video telephony with webcam and face to face communication
Proceedings of the seventh european conference on European interactive television conference
Remote Consultation System Using Hierarchically Structured Agents
Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Interface 2009 on Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Interaction. Part II: Held as part of HCI International 2009
Home video communication: mediating 'closeness'
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Using a game controller for relaying deictic gestures in computer-mediated communication
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Towards ideal window layouts for multi-party, gaze-aware desktop videoconferencing
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2011
Building common ground for face to face interactions by sharing mobile device context
LoCA'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Location- and Context-Awareness
Carpe diem: exploring user experience and intimacy in eye-based video conferencing
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia
Gaze correction for home video conferencing
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
The extended window metaphor for large high-resolution displays
EGVE - JVRC'10 Proceedings of the 16th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments & Second Joint Virtual Reality
Hand and eyes: how eye contact is linked to gestures in video conferencing
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Mutual gaze is an important conversational resource, but is difficult to provide using conventional video conferencing equipment due to the disparity between the position of the camera and the position of the eyes on the screen. Various elaborate inventions have been proposed to get around this problem but none have found wide use. The alternative explored here is that these expensive alternatives may be unnecessary. Users of conventional desktop video equipment may, under the right conditions, be able to learn to interpret what is at first sight inappropriate apparent gaze direction as signalling that the other person is "looking at me."Data are presented from two experiments where an estimator judges where a gazer is looking. The gazer may be looking either at the desktop video image of the estimator or some point to the side. Experiment 1 compared two image sizes and two camera positions. While the size of the image (352 × 288 pixels versus 176 × 144) had no significant effect on participants' ability to judge where the gazer was looking, horizontally offsetting the position of the camera inhibited performance. Experiment 2 examined the effect of reducing the image size further. The smallest image size (88 × 72 pixels) resulted in poorer performance than the intermediate (176 × 144). The results show that it is possible for users of low cost desktop video conferencing to learn to interpret gaze direction to a very high degree of accuracy if the equipment is configured optimally. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.