Computers as theatre
Virtual reality, art, and entertainment
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
CamDroid: a system for implementing intelligent camera control
I3D '95 Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
The virtual cinematographer: a paradigm for automatic real-time camera control and directing
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Dynamic dramatization of multimedia story presentations
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Intelligent multi-shot visualization interfaces for dynamic 3D worlds
IUI '99 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Navigation scheme for interactive movies with linear narrative
Proceedings of the tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and hypermedia : returning to our diverse roots: returning to our diverse roots
From cinematographic to hypertext narrative
HYPERTEXT '00 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM on Hypertext and hypermedia
AGENTS '00 Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Autonomous agents
Toward the holodeck: integrating graphics, sound, character and story
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents
What storytelling can do for information visualization
Communications of the ACM
Building narrative structures using context based linking
Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia
Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace
Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace
Encouraging task-related dialog in 2D and 3D shared narrative workspaces
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
Managing interaction between users and agents in a multi-agent storytelling environment
AAMAS '03 Proceedings of the second international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Narrative guidance of interactivity
Narrative guidance of interactivity
Guiding interactive drama
Dramatic flow in interactive 3D narrative
IE '07 Proceedings of the 4th Australasian conference on Interactive entertainment
Effect of dynamic camera control on spatial reasoning in 3D spaces
Sandbox '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Video games
Relating cognitive models of computer games to user evaluations of entertainment
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games
Learning cooperation in a tangible moyangsung
ICVR'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Virtual reality
A multidimensional scale model to measure the interactivity of virtual storytelling
ICVS'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Virtual Storytelling: using virtual reality technologies for storytelling
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There is a tension between user and author control of narratives in multimedia systems and virtual environments. Reducing the interactivity gives the author more control over when and how users experience key events in a narrative, but may lead to less immersion and engagement. Allowing the user to freely explore the virtual space introduces the risk that important narrative events will never be experienced. One approach to striking a balance between user freedom and author control is adaptation of narrative event presentation (i.e. changing the time, location, or method of presentation of a particular event in order to better communicate with the user). In this paper, we describe the architecture of a system capable of dynamically supporting narrative event adaptation. We also report results from two studies comparing adapted narrative presentation with two other forms of unadapted presentation - events with author selected views (movie), and events with user selected views (traditional VE). An analysis of user performance and feedback offers support for the hypothesis that adaptation can improve comprehension of narrative events in virtual environments while maintaining a sense of user control.