People-to-People-to-Geographical-Places: The P3 Framework for Location-Based Community Systems

  • Authors:

  • Quentin Jones;Sukeshini A. Grandhi;Loren Terveen;Steve Whittaker

  • Affiliations:

  • Department of Information Systems College of Computing Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights Newark, USA 07102;Department of Information Systems College of Computing Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights Newark, USA 07102;Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA 55455;Department of Information Studies, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK S10 2TN

  • Venue:
  • Computer Supported Cooperative Work
  • Year:
  • 2004

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Abstract

In this paper we examine an emerging class of systems that link People-to-People-to-Geographical-Places; we call these P3-Systems. Through analyzing the literature, we have identified four major P3-System design techniques: People-Centered systems that use either absolute user location (e.g. Active Badge) or user proximity (e.g. Hocman) and Place-Centered systems based on either a representation of people's use of physical spaces (e.g. ActiveMap) or on a matching virtual space that enables online interaction linked to physical location (e.g. Geonotes). In addition, each feature can be instantiated synchronously or asynchronously. The P3-System framework organizes existing systems into meaningful categories and structures the design space for an interesting new class of potentially context-aware systems. Our discussion of the framework suggests new ways of understanding and addressing the privacy concerns associated with location aware community system and outlines additional socio-technical challenges and opportunities.