Joint-dependent local deformations for hand animation and object grasping
Proceedings on Graphics interface '88
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer generated animation of faces
ACM '72 Proceedings of the ACM annual conference - Volume 1
Direct manipulation of interactive character skins
I3D '03 Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Learning controls for blend shape based realistic facial animation
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Style-based inverse kinematics
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Modeling deformable human hands from medical images
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Natural motion animation through constraining and deconstraining at will
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Animating blendshape faces by cross-mapping motion capture data
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Expressive Facial Animation Synthesis by Learning Speech Coarticulation and Expression Spaces
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Facial animation in a nutshell: past, present and future
SAICSIT '06 Proceedings of the 2006 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on IT research in developing countries
Interactive 3D facial expression posing through 2D portrait manipulation
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Simplified facial animation control utilizing novel input devices: a comparative study
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Perceptually guided expressive facial animation
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Crafting 3D faces using free form portrait sketching and plausible texture inference
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010
Expression transfer for facial sketch animation
Signal Processing
Real-time facial animation from live video tracking
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Compression and direct manipulation of complex blendshape models
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
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Blendshapes (linear shape interpolation models) are perhaps the most commonly employed technique in facial animation practice. A major problem in creating blendshape animation is that of blendshape interference: the adjustment of a single blendshape "slider" may degrade the effects obtained with previous slider movements, because the blendshapes have overlapping, non-orthogonal effects. Because models used in commercial practice may have 100 or more individual blendshapes, the interference problem is the subject of considerable manual effort. Modelers iteratively resculpt models to reduce interference where possible, and animators must compensate for those interference effects that remain. In this short paper we consider the blendshape interference problem from a linear algebra point of view. We find that while full orthogonality is not desirable, the goal of preserving previous adjustments to the model can be effectively approached by allowing the user to temporarily designate a set of points as representative of the previous (desired) adjustments. We then simply solve for blendshape slider values that mimic desired new movement while moving these "tagged" points as little as possible. The resulting algorithm is easy to implement and demonstrably reduces cases of blendshape interference found in existing models.