Real and complex analysis, 3rd ed.
Real and complex analysis, 3rd ed.
Comparing algorithm for dynamic speed-setting of a low-power CPU
MobiCom '95 Proceedings of the 1st annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Digital integrated circuits: a design perspective
Digital integrated circuits: a design perspective
Embedded power supply for low-power DSP
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special issue on low power electronics and design
The simulation and evaluation of dynamic voltage scaling algorithms
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Design issues for dynamic voltage scaling
ISLPED '00 Proceedings of the 2000 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Energy efficient fixed-priority scheduling for real-time systems on variable voltage processors
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Energy efficient real-time scheduling
Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
What is the limit of energy saving by dynamic voltage scaling?
Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Energy efficient CMOS microprocessor design
HICSS '95 Proceedings of the 28th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
A Dynamic Voltage Scaling Algorithm for Sporadic Tasks
RTSS '03 Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Theoretical and practical limits of dynamic voltage scaling
Proceedings of the 41st annual Design Automation Conference
On-Line Dynamic Voltage Scaling for Hard Real-Time Systems Using the EDF Algorithm
RTSS '04 Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Implicit Sleep Mode Determination in Power Management of Event-Driven Deeply Embedded Systems
WWIC 2009 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Wired/Wireless Internet Communications
An optimal solution for the heterogeneous multiprocessor single-level voltage-setup problem
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
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Dynamic frequency scaling and dynamic voltage scaling have been developed to save power and/or energy for general purpose computing platforms and high-end embedded systems. This paper examines the practicality of using these advanced techniques to save power and energy for commodity 8-bit microcontrollers while leveraging their built-in low-power modes. The benefits of the techniques are weighed against their complexity and cost. First, we mathematically model the power dissipation characteristics of 11 popular 8-bit microcontrollers. We then simulate their power dissipation with different power management techniques being applied. The role of the power scheduler, the power supply, and the frequency divider circuit are also described and analyzed. We find that although dynamic voltage scaling renders the lowest energy dissipation for most microcontrollers, it is not always dramatically better than using a combination of dynamic frequency scaling and the built in power down modes, which is much less expensive to implement.