The simulation and evaluation of dynamic voltage scaling algorithms
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Dynamic 3D graphics workload characterization and the architectural implications
Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture
JouleTrack: a web based tool for software energy profiling
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
3d Computer Graphics
Managing multi-configuration hardware via dynamic working set analysis
ISCA '02 Proceedings of the 29th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
A scheduling model for reduced CPU energy
FOCS '95 Proceedings of the 36th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Rendering time estimation for real-time rendering
EGRW '03 Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Energy-efficient soft real-time CPU scheduling for mobile multimedia systems
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
3D graphics rendering time modeling and control for mobile terminals
Proceedings of the ninth international conference on 3D Web technology
A flexible simulation framework for graphics architectures
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
Power analysis of mobile 3D graphics
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe: Proceedings
Policies for dynamic clock scheduling
OSDI'00 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Symposium on Operating System Design & Implementation - Volume 4
Control theory-based DVS for interactive 3D games
Proceedings of the 45th annual Design Automation Conference
Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
SystemC-based design space exploration of a 3D graphics acceleration SoC for consumer electronics
EUC'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Embedded and ubiquitous computing
Rank based dynamic voltage and frequency scaling fortiled graphics processors
CODES/ISSS '10 Proceedings of the eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Power gating strategies on GPUs
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
A survey and taxonomy of on-chip monitoring of multicore systems-on-chip
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Energy-aware code motion for GPU shader processors
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
A resource-driven DVFS scheme for smart handheld devices
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
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Until recently, most 3D graphics applications had been regarded as too computationally intensive for devices other than desktop computers and gaming consoles. This notion is rapidly changing due to improving screen resolutions and computing capabilities of mass-market handheld devices such as cellular phones and PDAs. As the mobile 3D gaming industry is poised to expand, significant innovations are required to provide users with high-quality 3D experience under limited processing, memory and energy budgets that are characteristic of the mobile domain.Energy saving schemes such as Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), as well as system-level power and performance optimization methods for mobile devices require accurate and fast workload prediction. In this paper, we address the problem of workload prediction for mobile 3D graphics. We propose and describe a signature-based estimation technique for predicting 3D graphics workloads. By analyzing a gaming benchmark, we show that monitoring specific parameters of the 3D pipeline provides better prediction accuracy over conventional approaches. We describe how signatures capture such parameters concisely to make accurate workload predictions. Signature-based prediction is computationally efficient because first, signatures are compact, and second, they do not require elaborate model evaluations. Thus, they are amenable to efficient, real-time prediction. A fundamental difference between signatures and standard history-based predictors is that signatures capture previous outcomes as well as the cause that led to the outcome, and use both to predict future outcomes. We illustrate the utility of signature-based workload estimation technique by using it as a basis for DVFS in 3D graphics pipelines.