Hitting the memory wall: implications of the obvious
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
ASPLOS IX Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Dynamic management of scratch-pad memory space
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Memory Issues in Embedded Systems-on-Chip: Optimizations and Exploration
Memory Issues in Embedded Systems-on-Chip: Optimizations and Exploration
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Dynamic Storage Allocation: A Survey and Critical Review
IWMM '95 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Memory Management
Scratchpad memory: design alternative for cache on-chip memory in embedded systems
Proceedings of the tenth international symposium on Hardware/software codesign
Assigning Program and Data Objects to Scratchpad for Energy Reduction
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Polynomial-time algorithm for on-chip scratchpad memory partitioning
Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
Analyzing On-Chip Communication in a MPSoC Environment
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 2
Cache-Aware Scratchpad Allocation Algorithm
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 2
An integrated hardware/software approach for run-time scratchpad management
Proceedings of the 41st annual Design Automation Conference
Compiler-optimized usage of partitioned memories
WMPI '04 Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on Memory performance issues: in conjunction with the 31st international symposium on computer architecture
Dynamic memory optimization using pool allocation and prefetching
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News - Special issue on the 2005 workshop on binary instrumentation and application
MiBench: A free, commercially representative embedded benchmark suite
WWC '01 Proceedings of the Workload Characterization, 2001. WWC-4. 2001 IEEE International Workshop
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe: Proceedings
An efficient profile-based algorithm for scratchpad memory partitioning
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
A hardware/software framework for instruction and data scratchpad memory allocation
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Partitioning and allocation of scratch-pad memory for priority-based preemptive multi-task systems
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
CASES '10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Compilers, architectures and synthesis for embedded systems
Dynamic and adaptive SPM management for a multi-task environment
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
CODES+ISSS '11 Proceedings of the seventh IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Processor energy characterization for compiler-assisted software energy reduction
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Embedded RAIDs-on-chip for bus-based chip-multiprocessors
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
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Various scratchpad allocation strategies have been developed in the past. Most of them target the reduction of energy consumption. These approaches share the necessity of having direct access to the scratchpad memory. In earlier embedded systems this was always true, but with the increasing complexity of tasks systems have to perform, an additional operating system layer between the hardware and the application is becoming mandatory. This paper presents an approach to integrate a scratchpad memory manager into the operating system. The goal is to minimize energy consumption. In contrast to previous work, compile time knowledge about the application's behavior is taken into account. A set of fast heuristic allocation methods is proposed in this paper. An in-depth study and comparison of achieved energy savings and cycle reductions was performed. The results show that even in the highly dynamic environment of an operating system equipped embedded system, up to 83% energy consumption reduction can be achieved.