Pitch accent in context: predicting intonational prominence from text
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on natural language processing
Specifying intonation from context for speech synthesis
Speech Communication
The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Building natural language generation systems
Building natural language generation systems
The impact of animated interface agents: a review of empirical research
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The automated design of believable dialogues for animated presentation teams
Embodied conversational agents
Integrating models of personality and emotions into lifelike characters
Affective interactions
BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Artificial Intelligence
Integrated Natural Language Generation Systems
Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation: Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation
Describing the emotional states that are expressed in speech
Speech Communication - Special issue on speech and emotion
Emotional speech: towards a new generation of databases
Speech Communication - Special issue on speech and emotion
XSTEP: A Markup Language for Embodied Agents
CASA '03 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2003)
Mathematical and computational aspects of lexicalized grammars
Mathematical and computational aspects of lexicalized grammars
Believable agents: building interactive personalities
Believable agents: building interactive personalities
An augmented template-based approach to text realization
Natural Language Engineering
A flexible pragmatics-driven language generator for animated agents
EACL '03 Proceedings of the tenth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 2
Synthesizing multimodal utterances for conversational agents: Research Articles
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
ALMA: a layered model of affect
Proceedings of the fourth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Coordination and context-dependence in the generation of embodied conversation
INLG '00 Proceedings of the first international conference on Natural language generation - Volume 14
Real versus Template-Based Natural Language Generation: A False Opposition?
Computational Linguistics
Journal of Computer and System Sciences
Towards a common framework for multimodal generation: the behavior markup language
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Making it up as you go along – improvising stories for pedagogical purposes
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Are computer-generated emotions and moods plausible to humans?
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
FearNot’s appearance: reflecting children’s expectations and perspectives
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Ambient intelligence in edutainment: tangible interaction with life-like exhibit guides
INTETAIN'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment
Expressing degree of activation in synthetic speech
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Using NLG to help language-impaired users tell stories and participate in social dialogues
ENLG '09 Proceedings of the 12th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation
IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Unobtrusive Sensing of Emotions (USE)
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
The SEMAINE API: towards a standards-based framework for building emotion-oriented systems
Advances in Human-Computer Interaction - Special issue on emotion-aware natural interaction
Emotion and behaviour in automatic dialogue summarisation
Companion Proceedings of the XIV Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web
Generating expository dialogue from monologue: motivation, corpus and preliminary rules
HLT '10 Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Harvesting re-usable high-level rules for expository dialogue generation
INLG '10 Proceedings of the 6th International Natural Language Generation Conference
Complementing RRL for dialogue summarisation
IBERAMIA'10 Proceedings of the 12th Ibero-American conference on Advances in artificial intelligence
A multi-dimensional annotation scheme for behaviour in dialogues
IBERAMIA'10 Proceedings of the 12th Ibero-American conference on Advances in artificial intelligence
Data-oriented monologue-to-dialogue generation
HLT '11 Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies: short papers - Volume 2
Multimodal behavior realization for embodied conversational agents
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Comparing modes of information presentation: text versus ECA and single versus two ECAs
IVA'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
How agents' turn-taking strategies influence impressions and response behaviors
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
COST'09 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Development of Multimodal Interfaces: active Listening and Synchrony
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Unobtrusive Sensing of Emotions (USE)
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
Speech emotion recognition: Features and classification models
Digital Signal Processing
Perceptions of alignment and personality in generated dialogue
INLG '12 Proceedings of the Seventh International Natural Language Generation Conference
Fully automated generation of question-answer pairs for scripted virtual instruction
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Speech emotional features extraction based on electroglottograph
Neural Computation
Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology
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This paper presents the NECA approach to the generation of dialogues between Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs). This approach consist of the automated construction of an abstract script for an entire dialogue (cast in terms of dialogue acts), which is incrementally enhanced by a series of modules and finally ''performed'' by means of text, speech and body language, by a cast of ECAs. The approach makes it possible to automatically produce a large variety of highly expressive dialogues, some of whose essential properties are under the control of a user. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of NECA's approach to Fully Generated Scripted Dialogue (FGSD), and explains the main techniques used in the two demonstrators that were built. The paper can be read as a survey of issues and techniques in the construction of ECAs, focusing on the generation of behaviour (i.e., focusing on information presentation) rather than on interpretation.