Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition
Readings in speech recognition
The visual analysis of human movement: a survey
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A survey of computer vision-based human motion capture
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Modeling people toward vision-based underatanding of a person's shape, appearance, and movement
Turning to the masters: motion capturing cartoons
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Shape Matching and Object Recognition Using Shape Contexts
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Implicit Probabilistic Models of Human Motion for Synthesis and Tracking
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part I
Learning the Statistics of People in Images and Video
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special Issue on Computational Vision at Brown University
Tracking People with Twists and Exponential Maps
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Stylizing motion with drawings
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
A sketching interface for articulated figure animation
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
ICCV '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Free-viewpoint video of human actors
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Learning to track 3D human motion from silhouettes
ICML '04 Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning
Motion doodles: an interface for sketching character motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Synthesizing physically realistic human motion in low-dimensional, behavior-specific spaces
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Recovering 3D Human Pose from Monocular Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Temporal motion models for monocular and multiview 3D human body tracking
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on modeling people: Vision-based understanding of a person's shape, appearance, movement, and behaviour
Augmenting hand animation with three-dimensional secondary motion
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
TexToons: practical texture mapping for hand-drawn cartoon animations
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Three-dimensional proxies for hand-drawn characters
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Sketching human character animations by composing sequences from large motion database
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
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The skills required to create compelling three-dimensional animation using computer software are quite different from those required to create compelling hand animation with pencil and paper. The three-dimensional medium has several advantages over the traditional medium---it is easy to relight the scene, render it from different view-points, and add physical simulations. In this work, we propose a method to leverage the talent of traditionally trained hand animators to create three-dimensional animation of human motion, while allowing them to work in the medium that is familiar to them. The input to our algorithm is a set of hand-animated frames. Our key insight is to use motion capture data as a source of domain knowledge and 'lift' the two-dimensional animation to three dimensions, while maintaining the unique style of the input animation. A motion capture clip is projected to two dimensions. First, time alignment is done to match the timing of the hand-drawn frames and then, the limbs are aligned to better match the pose in the hand-drawn frames. Finally the motion is reconstructed in three dimensions. We demonstrate our algorithm on a variety of hand animated motion sequences on different characters, including ballet, a stylized sneaky walk, and a sequence of jumping jacks.