Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition
Readings in speech recognition
Multiperspective panoramas for cel animation
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Retargetting motion to new characters
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Texture mapping for cel animation
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Deep canvas in Disney's Tarzan
ACM SIGGRAPH 99 Conference abstracts and applications
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Reconstruction of articulated objects from point correspondences in a single uncalibrated image
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A survey of computer vision-based human motion capture
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Modeling people toward vision-based underatanding of a person's shape, appearance, and movement
Lumo: illumination for cel animation
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Turning to the masters: motion capturing cartoons
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive control of avatars animated with human motion data
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Combining Active and Passive Simulations for Secondary Motion
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Implicit Probabilistic Models of Human Motion for Synthesis and Tracking
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part I
Stochastic Tracking of 3D Human Figures Using 2D Image Motion
ECCV '00 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part II
Tracking People with Twists and Exponential Maps
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Stylizing motion with drawings
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
A sketching interface for articulated figure animation
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Bridging the Gap between 2D and 3D: A Stream of Digital Animation Techniques
PG '01 Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Tracking Articulated Body by Dynamic Markov Network
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Constraining Human Body Tracking
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Discriminative Density Propagation for 3D Human Motion Estimation
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Recovering 3D Human Pose from Monocular Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Computational studies of human motion: part 1, tracking and motion synthesis
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
Character animation from 2D pictures and 3D motion data
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Tracking People by Learning Their Appearance
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Temporal motion models for monocular and multiview 3D human body tracking
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on modeling people: Vision-based understanding of a person's shape, appearance, movement, and behaviour
2D/3D hybrid character animation on "Spirit"
ACM SIGGRAPH 2002 conference abstracts and applications
Staying Well Grounded in Markerless Motion Capture
Proceedings of the 30th DAGM symposium on Pattern Recognition
Generalizing motion edits with Gaussian processes
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Achieving good connectivity in motion graphs
Graphical Models
Leveraging the talent of hand animators to create three-dimensional animation
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Online smoothing for markerless motion capture
Proceedings of the 29th DAGM conference on Pattern recognition
Inferring 3D body pose from silhouettes using activity manifold learning
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
TexToons: practical texture mapping for hand-drawn cartoon animations
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Three-dimensional proxies for hand-drawn characters
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
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Secondary motion, or the motion of objects in response to that of the primary character, is widely used to amplify the audience's response to the character's motion and to provide a connection to the environment. These three-dimensional (3D) effects are largely passive and tend to be time consuming to animate by hand, yet most are very effectively simulated in current animation software. In this paper, we present a technique for augmenting hand-drawn animation of human characters with 3D physical effects to create secondary motion. In particular, we create animations in which hand-drawn characters interact with cloth and clothing, dynamically simulated balls and particles, and a simple fluid simulation. The driving points or volumes for the secondary motion are tracked in two dimensions, reconstructed into three dimensions, and used to drive and collide with the simulated objects. Our technique employs user interaction that can be reasonably integrated into the traditional animation pipeline of drawing, cleanup, inbetweening, and coloring.