ISLPED '96 Proceedings of the 1996 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Proceedings of the 37th Annual Design Automation Conference
Parameter variations and impact on circuits and microarchitecture
Proceedings of the 40th annual Design Automation Conference
Defect-Based Delay Testing of Resistive Vias-Contacts A Critical Evaluation
ITC '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Test Conference
Reducing clock skew variability via cross links
Proceedings of the 41st annual Design Automation Conference
Statistical Clock Skew Analysis Considering Intra-Die Process Variations
Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
The impact of device parameter variations on the frequency and performance of VLSI chips
Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
Statistical Analysis of Clock Skew Variation in H-Tree Structure
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
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This paper presents a clock-skew test module for exploring reliable clock distribution under process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. The proposed test module enables direct evaluation of the following two important issues: 1) the clock-skew process variations and 2) the robustness against race problems under environmental variations such as voltages and temperatures. The test module was fabricated by using a 90-nm low-power process for system-on-chip (SoC). It contains eight blocks including H-tree blocks and clock tree synthesis (CTS)-tree blocks (i.e., blocks formed by clock-tree synthesis), each of which has 1024 flip-flop (FF) pairs with small hold-time margins. A statistical method has been developed for analyzing the measured hold-time margins of the 1024 FF pairs for 80 chips. The example of the analysis for the measured results is presented, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed test module and analysis method toward reliable design of clock distribution.