Digital manipulatives: new toys to think with
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Phidgets: easy development of physical interfaces through physical widgets
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The calder toolkit: wired and wireless components for rapidly prototyping interactive devices
DIS '04 Proceedings of the 5th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Reflective physical prototyping through integrated design, test, and analysis
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Fabric PCBs, electronic sequins, and socket buttons: techniques for e-textile craft
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Paints, paper, and programs: first steps toward the computational sketchbook
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction
Pulp-based computing: a framework for building computers out of paper
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
EduWear: smart textiles as ways of relating computing technology to everyday life
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children
Electronic popables: exploring paper-based computing through an interactive pop-up book
Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
Interactive paper devices: end-user design & fabrication
Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
Squishy circuits: a tangible medium for electronics education
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Handcrafting textile interfaces from a kit-of-no-parts
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
QWERTY and the art of designing microcontrollers for children
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children
Animating paper using shape memory alloys
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Crafting technology: Reimagining the processes, materials, and cultures of electronics
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
.NET gadgeteer: a platform for custom devices
Pervasive'12 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Pervasive Computing
Proceedings of the second international workshop on Smart material interfaces: another step to a material future
Electronic origami with the color-changing function
Proceedings of the second international workshop on Smart material interfaces: another step to a material future
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Embedded programming is typically made accessible through modular electronics toolkits. In this paper, we explore an alternative approach, combining microcontrollers with craft materials and processes as a means of bringing new groups of people and skills to technology production. We have developed simple and robust techniques for drawing circuits with conductive ink on paper, enabling off-the-shelf electronic components to be embedded directly into interactive artifacts. We have also developed an set of hardware and software tools -- an instance of what we call an "untoolkit" -- to provide an accessible toolchain for the programming of microcontrollers. We evaluated our techniques in a number of workshops, one of which is detailed in the paper. Four broader themes emerge: accessibility and appeal, the integration of craft and technology, microcontrollers vs. electronic toolkits, and the relationship between programming and physical artifacts. We also expand more generally on the idea of an untoolkit, offering a definition and some design principles, as well as suggest potential areas of future research.