Communications of the ACM
Interactive sketching for the early stages of user interface design
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
DENIM: finding a tighter fit between tools and practice for Web site design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Past, present, and future of user interface software tools
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on human-computer interaction in the new millennium, Part 1
ToolStone: effective use of the physical manipulation vocabularies of input devices
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Phidgets: easy development of physical interfaces through physical widgets
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Unofficial Guide to LEGO MINDSTORMS Robots
Unofficial Guide to LEGO MINDSTORMS Robots
Customizable physical interfaces for interacting with conventional applications
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
User Interface Management Systems
User Interface Management Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
iStuff: a physical user interface toolkit for ubiquitous computing environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Forming interactivity: a tool for rapid prototyping of physical interactive products
DIS '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Towards a comprehensive user interface management system
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
MetaCricket: a designer's kit for making computational devices
IBM Systems Journal
Creating Breakthrough Products: Innovation from Product Planning to Program Approval
Creating Breakthrough Products: Innovation from Product Planning to Program Approval
Sketch-based rapid prototyping platform for hardware-software integrated interactive products
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
External representations in ubiquitous computing design and the implications for design tools
DIS '06 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Reflective physical prototyping through integrated design, test, and analysis
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The VoodooIO gaming kit: a real-time adaptable gaming controller
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGCHI international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
A component based architecture for distributed, pervasive gaming applications
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGCHI international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
The VoodooIO gaming kit: a real-time adaptable gaming controller
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGCHI international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Proceedings of the 4th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: changing roles
Distributed physical interfaces with shared phidgets
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
A malleable control structure for softwired user interfaces
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
iStuff mobile: rapidly prototyping new mobile phone interfaces for ubiquitous computing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Environments for creativity: a lab for making things
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition
The VoodooIO gaming kit: a real-time adaptable gaming controller
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
The anatomy of prototypes: Prototypes as filters, prototypes as manifestations of design ideas
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Decoupling interaction hardware design using libraries of reusable electronics
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction
Framing tangible interaction frameworks
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
Towards Ambient Augmented Reality with Tangible Interfaces
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Ubiquitous and Intelligent Interaction
Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
Which prototype to augment? a retrospective case study on industrial and user interface design
ICVR'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Virtual reality
Intuino: an authoring tool for supporting the prototyping of organic interfaces
Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems
Sketching interactive systems with sketchify
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
SketchSpace: designing interactive behaviors with passive materials
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using ARToolKit markers to build tangible prototypes and simulate other technologies
INTERACT'05 Proceedings of the 2005 IFIP TC13 international conference on Human-Computer Interaction
TAP & PLAY: an end-user toolkit for authoring interactive pen and paper language activities
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
.NET gadgeteer: a platform for custom devices
Pervasive'12 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Pervasive Computing
PICL: portable in-circuit learner
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Midas: fabricating custom capacitive touch sensors to prototype interactive objects
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
Exploring physical prototyping techniques for functional devices using .NET gadgeteer
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
WorldKit: rapid and easy creation of ad-hoc interactive applications on everyday surfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
EventHurdle: supporting designers' exploratory interaction prototyping with gesture-based sensors
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
MagGetz: customizable passive tangible controllers on and around conventional mobile devices
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Merging tangible buttons and spatial augmented reality to support ubiquitous prototype designs
AUIC '12 Proceedings of the Thirteenth Australasian User Interface Conference - Volume 126
Five key challenges in end-user development for tangible and embodied interaction
Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction
Adding input controls and sensors to RFID tags to support dynamic tangible user interfaces
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
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Toolkits and other tools have dramatically reduced the time and technical expertise needed to design and implement graphical user interfaces (GUIs) allowing high-quality, iterative, user-centered design to become a common practice. Unfortunately the generation of functioning prototypes for physical interactive devices as not had similar support -- it still requires substantial time and effort by individuals with highly specialized skills and tools. This creates a divide between a designers' ability to explore form and interactivity of product designs and the ability to iterate on the basis of high fidelity interactive experiences with a functioning prototype. To help overcome this difficulty we have developed the Calder hardware toolkit. Calder is a development environment for rapidly exploring and prototyping functional physical interactive devices. Calder provides a set of reusable small input and output components, and integration into existing interface prototyping environments. These components communicate with a computer using wired and wireless connections. Calder is a tool targeted toward product and interaction designers to aid them in their early design process. In this paper we describe the process of gaining an understanding of the needs and workflow habits of our target users to generate a collection of requirements for such a toolkit. We describe technical challenges imposed by these needs, and the specifics of design and implementation of the toolkit to meet these challenges.