Interfacing thought: cognitive aspects of human-computer interaction
An empirical comparison of pie vs. linear menus
CHI '88 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Issues in combining marking and direct manipulation techniques
UIST '91 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The design and evaluation of marking menus
The design and evaluation of marking menus
The keystroke-level model for user performance time with interactive systems
Communications of the ACM
Visual search and mouse-pointing in labeled versus unlabeled two-dimensional visual hierarchies
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
CHI '00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PreSense: interaction techniques for finger sensing input devices
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
Strategies for accelerating on-line learning of hotkeys
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effects of menu parallelism on visual search and selection
AUIC '08 Proceedings of the ninth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 76
AVI '08 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
OctoPocus: a dynamic guide for learning gesture-based command sets
Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The strategic use of complex computer systems
Human-Computer Interaction
Training towards mastery: overcoming the active user paradox
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
Using strokes as command shortcuts: cognitive benefits and toolkit support
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CommunityCommands: command recommendations for software applications
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Dips and ceilings: understanding and supporting transitions to expertise in user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Categorization costs for hierarchical keyboard commands
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Improving command selection with CommandMaps
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Skillometers: reflective widgets that motivate and help users to improve performance
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
MenuOptimizer: interactive optimization of menu systems
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
MenuInspector: Outil pour l'analyse des menus et cas d'étude
Proceedings of the 25ième conférence francophone on l'Interaction Homme-Machine
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Keyboard shortcuts allow fast interaction, but they are known to be infrequently used, with most users relying heavily on traditional pointer-based selection for most commands. We describe the goals, design, and evaluation of ExposeHK, a new interface mechanism that aims to increase hotkey use. ExposeHK's four key design goals are: 1) enable users to browse hotkeys; 2) allow non-expert users to issue hotkey commands as a physical rehearsal of expert performance; 3) exploit spatial memory to assist non-expert users in identifying hotkeys; and 4) maximise expert performance by using consistent shortcuts in a flat command hierarchy. ExposeHK supports these objectives by displaying hotkeys overlaid on their associated commands when a modifier key is pressed. We evaluated ExposeHK in three empirical studies using toolbars, menus, and a tabbed \'18ribbon' toolbar. Results show that participants used more hotkeys, and used them more often, with ExposeHK than with other techniques; they were faster with ExposeHK than with either pointing or other hotkey methods; and they strongly preferred ExposeHK. Our research shows that ExposeHK can substantially improve the user's transition from a \'18beginner mode' of interaction to a higher level of expertise.