The spatial metaphor for user interfaces: experimental tests of reference by location versus name
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Interfacing thought: cognitive aspects of human-computer interaction
An empirical comparison of pie vs. linear menus
CHI '88 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Dynamic versus static menus: an exploratory comparison
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
User learning and performance with marking menus
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Wayfinding strategies and behaviors in large virtual worlds
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Data mountain: using spatial memory for document management
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Eye tracking the visual search of click-down menus
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Learning where to look: location learning in graphical user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A comparison of static, adaptive, and adaptable menus
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
Faster document navigation with space-filling thumbnails
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploring the design space for adaptive graphical user interfaces
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Improving list revisitation with ListMaps
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
A predictive model of menu performance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Ephemeral adaptation: the use of gradual onset to improve menu selection performance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Improving Window Switching Interfaces
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part II
Dips and ceilings: understanding and supporting transitions to expertise in user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Testing the robustness and performance of spatially consistent interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploiting spatial memory to design efficient command interfaces
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Promoting Hotkey use through rehearsal with ExposeHK
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Designers of GUI applications typically arrange commands in hierarchical structures, such as menus, due to screen space limitations. However, hierarchical organisations are known to slow down expert users. This paper proposes the use of spatial memory in combination with hierarchy flattening as a means of improving GUI performance. We demonstrate these concepts through the design of a command selection interface, called CommandMaps, and analyse its theoretical performance characteristics. We then describe two studies evaluating CommandMaps against menus and Microsoft's Ribbon interface for both novice and experienced users. Results show that for novice users, there is no significant performance difference between CommandMaps and traditional interfaces -- but for experienced users, CommandMaps are significantly faster than both menus and the Ribbon.