The Rockin'Mouse: integral 3D manipulation on a plane
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Phidgets: easy development of physical interfaces through physical widgets
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A design tool for camera-based interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Forming interactivity: a tool for rapid prototyping of physical interactive products
DIS '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Papier-Mache: toolkit support for tangible input
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
How bodies matter: five themes for interaction design
DIS '06 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems
ModelCraft: capturing freehand annotations and edits on physical 3D models
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Reflective physical prototyping through integrated design, test, and analysis
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Eyepatch: prototyping camera-based interaction through examples
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SLAP widgets: bridging the gap between virtual and physical controls on tabletops
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Mouse 2.0: multi-touch meets the mouse
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
Design by physical composition for complex tangible user interfaces
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using a depth camera as a touch sensor
ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
SketchSpace: designing interactive behaviors with passive materials
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Rock-paper-fibers: bringing physical affordance to mobile touch devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
.NET gadgeteer: a platform for custom devices
Pervasive'12 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Pervasive Computing
Digits: freehand 3D interactions anywhere using a wrist-worn gloveless sensor
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Midas: fabricating custom capacitive touch sensors to prototype interactive objects
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Printed optics: 3D printing of embedded optical elements for interactive devices
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Enclosed: a component-centric interface for designing prototype enclosures
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
LaserOrigami: laser-cutting 3D objects
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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3D printers enable designers and makers to rapidly produce physical models of future products. Today these physical prototypes are mostly passive. Our research goal is to enable users to turn models produced on commodity 3D printers into interactive objects with a minimum of required assembly or instrumentation. We present Sauron, an embedded machine vision-based system for sensing human input on physical controls like buttons, sliders, and joysticks. With Sauron, designers attach a single camera with integrated ring light to a printed prototype. This camera observes the interior portions of input components to determine their state. In many prototypes, input components may be occluded or outside the viewing frustum of a single camera. We introduce algorithms that generate internal geometry and calculate mirror placements to redirect input motion into the visible camera area. To investigate the space of designs that can be built with Sauron along with its limitations, we built prototype devices, evaluated the suitability of existing models for vision sensing, and performed an informal study with three CAD users. While our approach imposes some constraints on device design, results suggest that it is expressive and accessible enough to enable constructing a useful variety of devices.