The CAVE: audio visual experience automatic virtual environment
Communications of the ACM
Tangible interfaces for remote collaboration and communication
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Collaborative virtual environments
Communications of the ACM
Transatlantic touch: a study of haptic collaboration over long distance
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: Advances in collaborative virtual environments
inTouch: a medium for haptic interpersonal communication
CHI EA '97 CHI '97 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A review on effective closely-coupled collaboration using immersive CVE's
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM international conference on Virtual reality continuum and its applications
Small-Group Behavior in a Virtual and Real Environment: A Comparative Study
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Virtual interpersonal touch: Haptic interaction and copresence in collaborative virtual environments
Multimedia Tools and Applications
A review of telecollaboration technologies with respect to closely coupled collaboration
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
Virtual interpersonal touch: expressing and recognizing emotions through haptic devices
Human-Computer Interaction
Persuasive system design: state of the art and future directions
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology
The Virtual Midas Touch: Helping Behavior After a Mediated Social Touch
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
Touch & talk: contextualizing remote touch for affective interaction
Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
Comparing and evaluating real time character engines for virtual environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A first person avatar system with haptic feedback
Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
A flexible framework for wide-spectrum vr development
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
VR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference
Full body acting rehearsal in a networked virtual environment-a case study
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
BCS-HCI '12 Proceedings of the 26th Annual BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference on People and Computers
A touch of affect: mediated social touch and affect
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction
Beaming: An Asymmetric Telepresence System
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
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We built a Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) allowing one person, the 'visitor' to be digitally transported to a remote destination to interact with local people there. This included full body tracking, vibrotactile feedback and voice. This allowed interactions in the same CVE between multiple people situated in different physical remote locations. This system was used for an experiment to study whether the conveyance of touch has an impact on the willingness of participants embodied in the CVE to sing in public. In a first experimental condition, the experimenter virtually touched the avatar of the participants on the shoulder, producing vibrotactile feedback. In another condition using the identical physical setup, the vibrotactile displays were not activated, so that they would not feel the touch. Our hypothesis was that the tactile touch condition would produce a greater likelihood of compliance with the request to sing. In a second part we examined the hypothesis that people might be more willing to sing (execute an embarrassing task) in a CVE, because of the anonymity provided by virtual reality. Hence we carried out a similar study in physical reality. The results suggest that the tactile intervention had no effect on the sensations of body ownership, presence or the behaviours of the participants, in spite of the finding that the sensation of touch itself was effectively realised. Moreover we found an overall similarity in responses between the VR and real conditions.