Recognition of isolated and simply connected hand-written numerals
Pattern Recognition
Off-Line Cursive Script Word Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A review of segmentation and contextual analysis techniques for text recognition
Pattern Recognition
An algorithm for segmenting handwritten postal codes
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
The State of the Art in Online Handwriting Recognition
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A word shape analysis approach to lexicon based word recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Hybrid Contextural Text Recognition with String Matching
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Twenty Years of Document Image Analysis in PAMI
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
On-Line and Off-Line Handwriting Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The Role of Holistic Paradigms in Handwritten Word Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multilingual machine printed OCR
Hidden Markov models
Offline General Handwritten Word Recognition Using an Approximate BEAM Matching Algorithm
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Using the Gamera framework for the recognition of cultural heritage materials
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Bayesian object identification: variants
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Restoration of Archival Documents Using a Wavelet Technique
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust watermarking of cartographic images
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Touching numeral segmentation using water reservoir concept
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A Model of Unconstrained Digit Recognition Based on Hypothesis Testing and Data Reconstruction
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Scale Space Technique for Word Segmentation in Handwritten Documents
SCALE-SPACE '99 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Scale-Space Theories in Computer Vision
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Lexical Search Approach for Character-String Recognition
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DAS '98 Selected Papers from the Third IAPR Workshop on Document Analysis Systems: Theory and Practice
Word and Sentence Extraction Using Irregular Pyramid
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A Technique for Segmentation of Gurmukhi Text
CAIP '01 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns
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ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
Recognition of Cursive Roman Handwriting - Past, Present and Future
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
Numeral recognition for quality control of surgical sachets
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
Detection and Segmentation of Touching Characters in Mathematical Expressions
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
Segmentation of Bangla Unconstrained Handwritten Text
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
A Contour Code Feature Based Segmentation For Handwriting Recognition
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
Rejection Algorithm for Mis-segmented Characters In Multilingual Document Recognition
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
INFTY: an integrated OCR system for mathematical documents
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Document engineering
Segmentation of Low-Quality Typewritten Digits
ICPR '98 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition-Volume 2 - Volume 2
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Style Context with Second-Order Statistics
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Artificial Neural Networks for Document Analysis and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Scale Space Approach for Automatically Segmenting Words from Historical Handwritten Documents
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A two-stage handwritten character segmentation approach in mail address recognition
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Recognition of Indian Multi-oriented and Curved Text
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Segmentation of Connected Chinese Characters Based on Genetic Algorithm
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
A Two-stage Online Handwritten Chinese Character Segmentation Algorithm Based on Dynamic Programming
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Camera-based Degraded Character Segmentation into Individual Components
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Design of a Chinese Name Card Understanding System
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
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A system for processing handwritten bank checks automatically
Image and Vision Computing
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A method for combining complementary techniques for document image segmentation
Pattern Recognition
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SMC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
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ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part I
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Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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Pattern Recognition Letters
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SSPR'06/SPR'06 Proceedings of the 2006 joint IAPR international conference on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition
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ACIVS'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems
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Segmentation of connected handwritten digits using Self-Organizing Maps
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Character segmentation has long been a critical area of the OCR process. The higher recognition rates for isolated characters vs. those obtained for words and connected character strings well illustrate this fact. A good part of recent progress in reading unconstrained printed and written text may be ascribed to more insightful handling of segmentation.This paper provides a review of these advances. The aim is to provide an appreciation for the range of techniques that have been developed, rather than to simply list sources. Segmentation methods are listed under four main headings. What may be termed the "classical" approach consists of methods that partition the input image into subimages, which are then classified. The operation of attempting to decompose the image into classifiable units is called "dissection." The second class of methods avoids dissection, and segments the image either explicitly, by classification of prespecified windows, or implicitly by classification of subsets of spatial features collected from the image as a whole. The third strategy is a hybrid of the first two, employing dissection together with recombination rules to define potential segments, but using classification to select from the range of admissible segmentation possibilities offered by these subimages. Finally, holistic approaches that avoid segmentation by recognizing entire character strings as units are described.