Deadlock-Free Message Routing in Multiprocessor Interconnection Networks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Introduction to parallel algorithms and architectures: array, trees, hypercubes
Introduction to parallel algorithms and architectures: array, trees, hypercubes
The Stanford Dash Multiprocessor
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A comparison of adaptive wormhole routing algorithms
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A New Theory of Deadlock-Free Adaptive Routing in Wormhole Networks
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Limits on Interconnection Network Performance
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
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A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Deadlock-Free Adaptive Routing in Wormhole Networks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
DRIL: Dynamically Reduced Message Injection Limitation Mechanism for Wormhole Networks
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PCRCW '94 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parallel Computer Routing and Communication
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IPDPS '00 Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
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IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
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ICCAD '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
A deadlock detection mechanism for true fully adaptive routing in regular wormhole networks
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Computers & Mathematics with Applications
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Wormhole networks have traditionally used deadlock avoidance strategies. More recently, deadlock recovery strategies have begun to gain acceptance. In particular, progressive deadlock recovery techniques allocate a few dedicated resources to quickly deliver deadlocked packets. Deadlock recovery is based on the assumption that deadlocks are rare; otherwise, recovery techniques are not efficient. Measurements of deadlock occurrence frequency show that deadlocks are highly unlikely when enough routing freedom is provided [36], [32]. However, networks are more prone to deadlocks when the network is close to or beyond saturation, causing some network performance degradation. Similar performance degradation behavior at saturation was also observed in networks using deadlock avoidance strategies [13]. In this paper, we take a different approach to handling deadlocks and performance degradation. We propose the use of an injection limitation mechanism that prevents performance degradation near the saturation point and, at the same time, reduces the probability of deadlock to negligible values. We also propose an improved deadlock detection mechanism that uses only local information, detects all deadlocks, and considerably reduces the probability of false deadlock detection over previous proposals. In the rare case when impending deadlock is detected, our proposal consists of using a simple recovery technique that absorbs the deadlocked message at the current node and later reinjects it for continued routing toward its destination. Performance evaluation results show that our new approach to handling deadlock is more efficient than previously proposed techniques.