Exokernel: an operating system architecture for application-level resource management
SOSP '95 Proceedings of the fifteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Instruction level power analysis and optimization of software
Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems - Special issue on technologies for wireless computing
Using the SimOS machine simulator to study complex computer systems
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
Operating systems (2nd ed.): design and implementation
Operating systems (2nd ed.): design and implementation
Power analysis and minimization techniques for embedded DSP software
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Techniques for low energy software
ISLPED '97 Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Disco: running commodity operating systems on scalable multiprocessors
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Voltage scheduling problem for dynamically variable voltage processors
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
On-line scheduling of hard real-time tasks on variable voltage processor
Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Power conscious fixed priority scheduling for hard real-time systems
Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Energy-aware adaptation for mobile applications
Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Power analysis of embedded operating systems
Proceedings of the 37th Annual Design Automation Conference
Quantifying the energy consumption of a pocket computer and a Java virtual machine
Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Operating-system directed power reduction
ISLPED '00 Proceedings of the 2000 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Energy estimation tools for the Palm
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international workshop on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Low-energy intra-task voltage scheduling using static timing analysis
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Battery-aware static scheduling for distributed real-time embedded systems
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Energy efficient fixed-priority scheduling for real-time systems on variable voltage processors
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Compiler optimization on instruction scheduling for low power
ISSS '00 Proceedings of the 13th international symposium on System synthesis
The performance and energy consumption of three embedded real-time operating systems
CASES '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Microc/OS-II
Operating Systems: A Design-Oriented Approach
Operating Systems: A Design-Oriented Approach
Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis: An Engineer's Handbook
Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis: An Engineer's Handbook
Every joule is precious: the case for revisiting operating system design for energy efficiency
EW 9 Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system
The benefits of event: driven energy accounting in power-sensitive systems
EW 9 Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system
Run-time modeling and estimation of operating system power consumption
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Performance Analysis of a RTOS by Emulation of an Embedded System
RSP '99 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping
Embedded Operating System Energy Analysis and Macro-Modeling
ICCD '02 Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors (ICCD'02)
Low power operating system for heterogeneous wireless communication system
Compilers and operating systems for low power
Energy characterization of embedded real-time operating systems
Compilers and operating systems for low power
Software Architectural Transformations: A New Approach to Low Energy Embedded Software
DATE '03 Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 1
High-level energy macromodeling of embedded software
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
A simulation framework for energy-consumption analysis of OS-driven embedded applications
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
An energy consumption framework for distributed java-based systems
Proceedings of the twenty-second IEEE/ACM international conference on Automated software engineering
Energy-optimizing source code transformations for operating system-driven embedded software
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Component-Level Energy Consumption Estimation for Distributed Java-Based Software Systems
CBSE '08 Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering
Proceedings of the 8th international workshop on Specification and verification of component-based systems
GREENCOM-CPSCOM '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on Green Computing and Communications & Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing
ICONIP'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Neural information processing - Volume Part III
The Survey and Future Evolution of Green Computing
GREENCOM '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Green Computing and Communications
Modelling and analysis of power consumption for component-based embedded software
EUC'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Emerging Directions in Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing
EUC'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Emerging Directions in Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing
Energy-Efficient Sensing with the Low Power, Energy Aware Processing (LEAP) Architecture
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Functional-Level Energy Characterization of µC/OS-II and Cache Locking for Energy Saving
Bell Labs Technical Journal
Calculating source line level energy information for Android applications
Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis
Estimating mobile application energy consumption using program analysis
Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering
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As embedded systems get more complex, deployment of embedded operating systems (OSs) as software run-time engines has become common. In particular, this trend is true even for battery-powered embedded systems, where maximizing battery life is a primary concern. In such OS-driven embedded software, the overall energy consumption depends very much on which OS is used and how the OS is used. Therefore, the energy effects of the OS need to be studied in order to design low-energy systems effectively.In this paper, we discuss the motivation for performing OS energy characterization and propose a methodology to perform the characterization systematically. The methodology consists of two parts. The first part is analysis, which is concerned with identifying a set of components that can be used to characterize the OS energy consumption, called energy characteristics. The second part is macromodeling, which is concerned with obtaining quantitative macromodels for the energy characteristics. It involves the process of experiment design, data collection, and macromodel fitting. The OS energy macromodels can be used conveniently as OS energy estimators in high-level or architectural optimization of embedded systems for low-energy consumption.As far as we know, this work is the first attempt to systematically tackle energy macromodeling of an embedded OS. To demonstrate our approach, we present experimental results for two well-known embedded OSs, namely, μC/OS and embedded Linux OS.