International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Measuring the true cost of command selection: techniques and results
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The limits of expert performance using hierarchic marking menus
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
Toolglass and magic lenses: the see-through interface
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The Hotbox: efficient access to a large number of menu-items
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The humane interface: new directions for designing interactive systems
The humane interface: new directions for designing interactive systems
FlowMenu: combining command, text, and data entry
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The keystroke-level model for user performance time with interactive systems
Communications of the ACM
Control menus: excecution and control in a single interactor
CHI '00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
CrossY: a crossing-based drawing application
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Simple vs. compound mark hierarchical marking menus
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Design and analysis of delimiters for selection-action pen gesture phrases in scriboli
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Experimental analysis of mode switching techniques in pen-based user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Hover widgets: using the tracking state to extend the capabilities of pen-operated devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
Phrasing techniques for multi-stroke selection gestures
GI '06 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006
ExperiScope: an analysis tool for interaction data
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keystroke-level model for advanced mobile phone interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Integrating user performance time models in the design of tangible UIs
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Implicit user-adaptive system engagement in speech and pen interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PieCursor: merging pointing and command selection for rapid in-place tool switching
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A model of non-preferred hand mode switching
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Back-of-device interaction allows creating very small touch devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
MakeIt: Integrate User Interaction Times in the Design Process of Mobile Applications
Pervasive '08 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Pervasive Computing
Handle Flags: efficient and flexible selections for inking applications
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009
Acquisition of Animated and Pop-Up Targets
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part II
Manual deskterity: an exploration of simultaneous pen + touch direct input
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploring usability and learnability of mode inferencing in pen/tablet interfaces
Proceedings of the Seventh Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium
On the costs of multiple trajectory pointing methods
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
High-performance pen + touch modality interactions: a real-time strategy game eSports context
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interactive construction: interactive fabrication of functional mechanical devices
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
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Modes allow a few inputs to invoke many operations, yet if a user misclassifies or forgets the state of a system, modes can result in errors. Spring-loaded modes (quasimodes) maintain a mode while the user holds a control such as a button or key. The Springboard is an interaction technique for tablet computers that extends quasimodes to encompass multiple tool modes in a single spring-loaded control. The Springboard allows the user to continue holding down a nonpreferred-hand command button after selecting a tool from a menu as a way to repeatedly apply the same tool. We find the Springboard improves performance for both a local marking menu and for a non-local marking menu ("lagoon") at the lower left corner of the screen. Despite the round-trip costs incurred to move the pen to a tool lagoon, a keystroke-level analysis of the true cost of each technique reveals the local marking menu is not significantly faster.