Reducing power in high-performance microprocessors
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
On thermal effects in deep sub-micron VLSI interconnects
Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Thermal via placement in 3D ICs
Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Physical design
The need for a full-chip and package thermal model for thermally optimized IC designs
ISLPED '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Demystifying 3D ICs: The Pros and Cons of Going Vertical
IEEE Design & Test
Thermal via planning for 3-D ICs
ICCAD '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
ICCAD '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
iTEM: a temperature-dependent electromigration reliability diagnosis tool
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
PRIMA: passive reduced-order interconnect macromodeling algorithm
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Noise considerations in circuit optimization
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Allocating power ground vias in 3D ICs for simultaneous power and thermal integrity
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Thermal via allocation for 3-D ICs considering temporally and spatially variant thermal power
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
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All existing methods for thermal-via allocation are based on a steady-state thermal analysis and may lead to excessive number of thermal vias. This paper develops an accurate and efficient thermal-via allocation considering temporally and spatially variant thermal-power. The transient temperature is calculated using macromodel by a structured and parameterized model reduction, which generates temperature sensitivity with respect to thermal-via density. By defining a thermal-violation integral based on the transient temperature, a nonlinear optimization problem is formulated to allocate thermal-vias and minimize thermal violation integral. This optimization problem is transformed into a sequence of subproblems by Lagrangian relaxation, and each subproblem is solved by quadratic programming using sensitives from the macromodel. Experiments show that compared to the existing method using steady-state thermal analysis, our method is 126X faster to obtain the temperature profile, and reduces the number of thermal vias by 2.04X under the same temperature bound.