On the scope of syntactics in mathematics and science: the machine metaphor
Real brains: artificial minds
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Knowledge as strategy: reflections on Skandia International and Shorko Films
Strategic information systems
Putting the enterprise into the enterprise system
Harvard Business Review
Information rules: a strategic guide to the network economy
Information rules: a strategic guide to the network economy
The New Organizational Wealth: Managing and Measuring Knowledge-Based Assets
The New Organizational Wealth: Managing and Measuring Knowledge-Based Assets
Knowledge Management Foundations: Thinking about Thinking - how People and Organizations Represent, Create, and Use Knowledge
Information Ecology: Mastering the Information and Knowledge Environment
Information Ecology: Mastering the Information and Knowledge Environment
Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know
Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know
Abstraction and history-from institutional amnesia to organizational memory
HICSS '95 Proceedings of the 28th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
The Communicative View on Organizational Memory: Power and Ambiguity in Knowledge Creation Systems
HICSS '96 Proceedings of the 29th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Volume 3: Collaboration Systems and Technology
HICSS '98 Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - Volume 1
Graphically defining articulable tacit knowledge
VIP '00 Selected papers from the Pan-Sydney workshop on Visualisation - Volume 2
Managing the human side of information technology
Information systems as social systems
Critical reflections on information systems
Technology and knowledge: bridging a "generating" gap
Information and Management
KMPI: measuring knowledge management performance
Information and Management
A review of research: an investigation of the impact of data quality on decision performance
ISICT '04 Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Information and communication technologies
Journal of Management Information Systems
Journal of Management Information Systems
Leveraging Tacit Organizational Knowledge
Journal of Management Information Systems
International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations
Predicting knowledge sharing practices through intention: A test of competing models
Computers in Human Behavior
Price Mechanism for Knowledge Transfer: An Integrative Theory
Journal of Management Information Systems
A System Architecture for the 7C Knowledge Environment
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XIX
The Problem of Tacit Knowledge --Is It Possible to Externalize Tacit Knowledge?
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XX
A semantics-based approach for collaborative aircraft tooling design
Advanced Engineering Informatics
Facts, myths and thought-styles... and a rallying cry for civic engagement
The Journal of Strategic Information Systems
Information about information: a taxonomy of views
MIS Quarterly
IT-support for self-regulated learning and reflection on the learning process
i-KNOW '11 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies
A social capital perspective on meta-knowledge contribution and social computing
Decision Support Systems
Comprehensive mapping of knowledge and information resources: the case of webster
Knowledge and Information Visualization
Knowledge management: An information science perspective
International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals
Case study: Rethinking the data-information-knowledge hierarchy: towards a case-based model
International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals
The impact of blended e-learning on undergraduate academic essay writing in English (L2)
Computers & Education
Leader personal influences on membership decisions in moderated online social networking groups
Decision Support Systems
International Journal of Knowledge Management
International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science
International Journal of Knowledge Management
Hi-index | 0.00 |
The knowledge management literature often points out the importance of distinguishing among data, information, and knowledge. The generally accepted view sees data as simple facts that become information as data are combined into meaningful structures, which subsequently become knowledge as meaningful information is put into a context and when it can be used to make predictions. According to this view, data are a prerequisite for information, and information is a prerequisite for knowledge. This paper explores the conceptual hierarchy of data, information, and knowledge, showing that data emerge only after we have information, and that information emerges only after we already have knowledge. The reversed hierarchy of knowledge is shown to lead to a different approach in developing information systems that support knowledge management and organizational memory. It is also argued that this difference may have major implications for organizational flexibility and renewal.