CHI '86 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Toolglass and magic lenses: the see-through interface
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A review and taxonomy of distortion-oriented presentation techniques
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Pad++: a zooming graphical interface for exploring alternate interface physics
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
CHI '95 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Virtual reality on a WIM: interactive worlds in miniature
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the 1997 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
The metaDESK: models and prototypes for tangible user interfaces
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Guidelines for using multiple views in information visualization
AVI '00 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Snap-together visualization: can users construct and operate coordinated visualizations?
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Empirical evaluation of information visualizations
Hands-free multi-scale navigation in virtual environments
I3D '01 Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Reading of electronic documents: the usability of linear, fisheye, and overview+detail interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A framework for unifying presentation space
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Illuminating clay: a 3-D tangible interface for landscape analysis
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Navigation patterns and usability of zoomable user interfaces with and without an overview
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Image-Browser Taxonomy and Guidelines for Designers
IEEE Software
Halo: a technique for visualizing off-screen objects
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An Ultra-Light and Compact Design and Implementation of Head-Mounted Projective Displays
VR '01 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR'01)
A New Collaborative Infrastructure: SCAPE
VR '03 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2003
VRAIS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS '97)
Scape: Supporting Stereoscopic Collaboration in Augmented and Projective Environments
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A widget framework for augmented interaction in SCAPE
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Through the looking glass: the use of lenses as an interface tool for Augmented Reality interfaces
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
A comparison of fisheye lenses for interactive layout tasks
GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
Navigation with Place Representations and Visible Landmarks
VR '04 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2004
The radial scroll tool: scrolling support for stylus- or touch-based document navigation
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A remote control interface for large displays
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Marked-up maps: combining paper maps and electronic information resources
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Design and Evaluation of Navigation Techniques for Multiscale Virtual Environments
VR '06 Proceedings of the IEEE conference on Virtual Reality
Overcoming World in Miniature Limitations by a Scaled and Scrolling WIM
3DUI '06 Proceedings of the 3D User Interfaces
Interactive Reconfiguration Techniques of Reference Frame Hierarchy in the Multi-viewport Interface
3DUI '06 Proceedings of the 3D User Interfaces
Magic Lenses for Augmented Virtual Environments
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Sewing Worlds Together With SEAMs: A Mechanism to Construct Complex Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
User evaluations on form factors of tangible magic lenses
ISMAR '06 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Interactive context-driven visualization tools for augmented reality
ISMAR '06 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
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We consider that multi-scale visualization interfaces support users to view different levels of scales simultaneously and to understand large-scale, complex 3D information in 3D display environments. This article presents a user evaluation on three multi-scale interfaces on a 3D workbench display: focus + context (f + c), fixed f + c, and overview + detail (o + d). The interfaces differ in terms of (1) window arrangement and (2) positioning of detailed information relative to the user. Our goal is to identify the effect of these interface differences in large scale information visualization on a 3D workbench. To address the usability of the interfaces for a wide range of applications, we designed two tasks that differ by the level of information integration and cognitive demand. The evaluation results suggest that focus-based interfaces (i.e., the f + c and fixed f + c interfaces) are useful for tasks that require tight coupling between information layers and the o + d interface is useful for tasks performed in a densely populated information space. In terms of interface design on a 3D workbench, it is important to provide an up-close view of the current region of interest for fast scene navigation and an easy way to change viewing direction to see the 3D information from more comfortable directions. The detailed design guidelines based on the evaluation analysis are presented in this article.