Interactive Systems: Bridging the Gaps Between Developers and Users
Computer - Special issue on instruction sequencing
Obstacles to user involvement in software product development, with implications for CSCW
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies - Computer-supported cooperative work and groupware. part 2
Cooperative prototyping: users and designers in mutual activity
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies - Computer-supported cooperative work and groupware. part 2
Designing interaction
Cardboard computers: mocking-it-up or hands-on the future
Design at work
Getting around the task-artifact cycle: how to make claims and design by scenario
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Communications of the ACM - Special issue Participatory Design
Communications of the ACM
Customer-developer links in software development
Communications of the ACM
Bifocal tools for scenarios and representations in participatory activities with users
Scenario-based design
Communications of the ACM
Communications of the ACM
The politics of design: representing work
Communications of the ACM
Low vs. high-fidelity prototyping debate
interactions
Task model support for cooperative analysis
Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Beyond task analysis: exploiting task models in application implementation
Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Participatory analysis: shared development of requirements from scenarios
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Helping and hindering user involvement — a tale of everyday design
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Contextual design: defining customer-centered systems
Contextual design: defining customer-centered systems
On the inevitable intertwining of specification and implementation
Communications of the ACM
Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design
Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design
Mutual Knowledge
Computer Systems Development: History Organization and Implementation
Computer Systems Development: History Organization and Implementation
Designers-identified requirements for tools to support task analyses
INTERACT '90 Proceedings of the IFIP TC13 Third Interational Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Contribution structures [Requirements artifacts]
RE '95 Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering
ECSCW'91 Proceedings of the second conference on European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Creating conditions for participation: conflicts and resources in systems development
Human-Computer Interaction
Encountering others: reciprocal openings in participatory design and user-centered design
Human-Computer Interaction
Learning organizational knowledge: an evolutionary proposal for requirements engineering
SEKE '02 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering and knowledge engineering
Software requirements validation via task analysis
Journal of Systems and Software
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
PDC 04 Proceedings of the eighth conference on Participatory design: Artful integration: interweaving media, materials and practices - Volume 1
Easing the wait in the emergency room: building a theory of public information systems
DIS '04 Proceedings of the 5th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Participatory task modelling: users and developers modelling users' tasks and domains
TAMODIA '04 Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Task models and diagrams
Understanding design as a social creative process
Proceedings of the 5th conference on Creativity & cognition
The effect of group composition on divergent thinking in an interaction design activity
DIS '06 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems
Tool support for creativity using externalizations
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition
Introduction to this special issue on representations in interactive systems development
Human-Computer Interaction
Instrumenting the city: developing methods for observing and understanding the digital cityscape
UbiComp'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
Investigating annotation in electronic paper-prototypes
DSVIS'05 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Interactive Systems: design, specification, and verification
Rational security: Modelling everyday password use
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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Participatory design (PD) and task analysis (TA) have each been widely promoted as amelioratives to the problems of developing systems that meet users' requirements. However, PD methods have tended to focus on design perse, rather than also promoting user-developer cooperation in upstream analysis activities. TA methods have promoted these upstream activities but largely failed to involve users directly in the analysis and modelling work. Hence, there is a need for a broader approach that encourages user-developer cooperation throughout systems analysis and design activities. This article examines the support for user-developer interaction provided by representations of users' tasks and software designs in 2 real-world software development projects that followed a task-based cooperative development approach. In the course of the system development work, the representations were called on to serve a number of different purposes. Task model and paper prototype representations facilitated the development of commen ground among the members of the development team through the provision of an external shared model of the object of the development activity and helped to delimit an interaction space in which the cooperative activity was conducted. Weaknesses of the representations as supports for cooperative development included users' reluctance physically to amend the representations and the very strength of common ground developed between the participants that was not explicitly represented in the external models.