The evolution of IBM CMOS DRAM technology
IBM Journal of Research and Development - Special issue: IBM CMOS technology
Embedded DRAM technology opportunities and challenges
IEEE Spectrum
On-chip versus off-chip test: an artificial dichotomy
ITC '98 Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Test Conference
How we test Siemens Embedded DRAM Cores
ITC '98 Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Test Conference
Maintaining the benefits of CMOS scaling when scaling bogs down
IBM Journal of Research and Development
IBM Journal of Research and Development - Spintronics
Destructive-read in embedded DRAM, impact on power consumption
Journal of Embedded Computing - Issues in embedded single-chip multicore architectures
ISCA '08 Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Why should we do 3D integration?
Proceedings of the 45th annual Design Automation Conference
Wafer-level 3D integration technology
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Overview of the Blue Gene/L system architecture
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Blue Gene/L compute chip: synthesis, timing, and physical design
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Should we worry about memory loss?
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review - Special issue on the 1st international workshop on performance modeling, benchmarking and simulation of high performance computing systems (PMBS 10)
IBM POWER7 multicore server processor
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Versatile refresh: low complexity refresh scheduling for high-throughput multi-banked eDRAM
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGMETRICS/PERFORMANCE joint international conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems
Measuring power consumption on IBM Blue Gene/P
Computer Science - Research and Development
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The Blue Gene®/L chip is a technological tour de force that embodies the system-on-a-chip concept in its entirety. This paper outlines the salient features of this 130-nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, including the IBM unique embedded dynamic random access memory (DRAM) technology. Crucial to the execution of Blue Gene/L is the simultaneous instantiation of multiple PowerPC® cores, high-performance static random access memory (SRAM), DRAM, and several other logic design blocks on a single-platform technology. The IBM embedded DRAM platform allows this seamless integration without compromising performance, reliability, or yield. We discuss the process architecture, the key parameters of the logic components used in the processor cores and other logic design blocks, the SRAM features used in the L2 cache, and the embedded DRAM that forms the L3 cache. We also discuss the evolution of embedded DRAM technology into a higher-performance space in the 90-nm and 65-nm nodes and the potential for dynamic memory to improve overall memory subsystem performance.