Calculating the maximum, execution time of real-time programs
Real-Time Systems
Predicting program execution times by analyzing static and dynamic program paths
Real-Time Systems - Special issue: Real-time languages and language-level timing tools and analysis
Performance analysis of embedded software using implicit path enumeration
DAC '95 Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Bounding Pipeline and Instruction Cache Performance
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Pipeline behavior prediction for superscalar processors by abstract interpretation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1999 workshop on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
Complete worst-case execution time analysis of straight-line hard real-time programs
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal - Special issue on real-time systems
Supporting Timing Analysis by Automatic Bounding of LoopIterations
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on worst-case execution-time analysis
Worst Case Execution Time Analysis for a Processor withBranch Prediction
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on worst-case execution-time analysis
An Accurate Worst Case Timing Analysis for RISC Processors
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Deriving Annotations for Tight Calculation of Execution Time
Euro-Par '97 Proceedings of the Third International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing
Integrating Path and Timing Analysis Using Instruction-Level Simulation Techniques
LCTES '98 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems
Efficient worst case timing analysis of data caching
RTAS '96 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS '96)
Timing Analysis for Data Caches and Set-Associative Caches
RTAS '97 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS '97)
RTAS '99 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium
A Worst Case Timing Analysis Technique for Optimized Programs
RTCSA '98 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
Pipeline Timing Analysis Using a Trace-Driven Simulator
RTCSA '99 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
A Worst Case Timing Analysis Technique for Multiple-Issue Machines
RTSS '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
OM '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Optimization of middleware and distributed systems
Efficient longest executable path search for programs with complex flows and pipeline effects
CASES '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Using variable-MHz microprocessors to efficiently handle uncertainty in real-time systems
Proceedings of the 34th annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture
Scenario-based software characterization as a contingency to traditional program profiling
CASES '02 Proceedings of the 2002 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
ILP-Based Interprocedural Path Analysis
EMSOFT '02 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Embedded Software
Timing Analysis of Assembler Code Control-Flow Paths
FME '02 Proceedings of the International Symposium of Formal Methods Europe on Formal Methods - Getting IT Right
Data cache locking for higher program predictability
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Deadline analysis of interrupt-driven software
Proceedings of the 9th European software engineering conference held jointly with 11th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering
Clustered calculation of worst-case execution times
Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
Parametric analysis for adaptive computation offloading
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2004 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Deadline Analysis of Interrupt-Driven Software
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A computation offloading scheme on handheld devices
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Special issue on middleware
Clustered Worst-Case Execution-Time Calculation
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Improving WCET by applying a WC code-positioning optimization
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
A theory for execution-time derivation in real-time programs
Theoretical Computer Science - Quantitative aspects of programming languages (QAPL 2004)
Execution time limitation of interrupt handlers in a Java operating system
EW 10 Proceedings of the 10th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop
Faster WCET flow analysis by program slicing
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Language, compilers, and tool support for embedded systems
Efficient detection and exploitation of infeasible paths for software timing analysis
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
Average case analysis of DJ graphs
Journal of Discrete Algorithms
Data cache locking for tight timing calculations
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
An ant algorithm for balanced job scheduling in grids
Future Generation Computer Systems
Towards Time-Predictable Data Caches for Chip-Multiprocessors
SEUS '09 Proceedings of the 7th IFIP WG 10.2 International Workshop on Software Technologies for Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems
Beyond loop bounds: comparing annotation languages for worst-case execution time analysis
Software and Systems Modeling (SoSyM)
Symbolic simulation on complicated loops for WCET path analysis
EMSOFT '11 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Embedded software
Balanced Job Scheduling Based on Ant Algorithm for Grid Network
International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing
Path-sensitive resource analysis compliant with assertions
Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Embedded Software
Address independent estimation of the boundaries of cache performance
Microprocessors & Microsystems
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Knowing the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) of a program is necessary when designing and verifying real-time systems. The WCET depends both on the program flow (like loop iterations and function calls), and on hardware factors like caches and pipelines. In this paper we present a method for representing program flow information, that is compact while still being strong enough to handle the types of flow previously considered in WCET research. We also extend the set of representable flows compared to previous research. We give an algorithm for converting the flow information to the linear constraints used in calculating a WCET estimate in our WCET analysis tool. We demonstrate the practicality of the representation by modeling the flow of a number of programs, and show that execution time estimates can be made tighter by using flow information.