Introduction to algorithms
Calculating the maximum, execution time of real-time programs
Real-Time Systems
Predicting program execution times by analyzing static and dynamic program paths
Real-Time Systems - Special issue: Real-time languages and language-level timing tools and analysis
Performance analysis of embedded software using implicit path enumeration
DAC '95 Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Bounding Pipeline and Instruction Cache Performance
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Pipeline behavior prediction for superscalar processors by abstract interpretation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1999 workshop on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
Complete worst-case execution time analysis of straight-line hard real-time programs
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal - Special issue on real-time systems
Worst Case Execution Time Analysis for a Processor withBranch Prediction
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on worst-case execution-time analysis
An Accurate Worst Case Timing Analysis for RISC Processors
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Deriving Annotations for Tight Calculation of Execution Time
Euro-Par '97 Proceedings of the Third International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing
Integrating Path and Timing Analysis Using Instruction-Level Simulation Techniques
LCTES '98 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems
Efficient worst case timing analysis of data caching
RTAS '96 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS '96)
Timing Analysis for Data Caches and Set-Associative Caches
RTAS '97 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS '97)
Tighter Timing Predictions by Automatic Detection and Exploitation of Value-Dependent Constraints
RTAS '99 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium
RTCSA '99 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
Pipeline Timing Analysis Using a Trace-Driven Simulator
RTCSA '99 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
A Worst Case Timing Analysis Technique for Multiple-Issue Machines
RTSS '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Modeling complex flows for worst-case execution time analysis
RTSS'10 Proceedings of the 21st IEEE conference on Real-time systems symposium
ILP-Based Interprocedural Path Analysis
EMSOFT '02 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Embedded Software
Clustered calculation of worst-case execution times
Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
Experimental Evaluation of Code Properties for WCET Analysis
RTSS '03 Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Clustered Worst-Case Execution-Time Calculation
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Faster WCET flow analysis by program slicing
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Language, compilers, and tool support for embedded systems
Efficient detection and exploitation of infeasible paths for software timing analysis
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
The worst-case execution-time problem—overview of methods and survey of tools
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Recent additions on the application programming interface of the TMO support middleware
Proceedings of the 13th Monterey conference on Composition of embedded systems: scientific and industrial issues
Stack distance based worst-case instruction cache performance analysis
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Identifying irreducible loops in the Instrumentation Point Graph
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Symbolic simulation on complicated loops for WCET path analysis
EMSOFT '11 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Embedded software
A Model Checking Based Approach to Bounding Worst-Case Execution Time for Multicore Processors
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) - Special Section on CAPA'09, Special Section on WHS'09, and Special Section VCPSS' 09
Simple analysis of partial worst-case execution paths on general control flow graphs
Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Embedded Software
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Current development tools for embedded real-time systems do not efficiently support the timing aspect. The most important timing parameter for scheduling and system analysis is the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) of a program.This paper presents a fast and effective WCET calculation method that takes account of low-level machine aspects like pipelining and caches, and high-level program flow like loops and infeasible paths. The method is more efficient than previous path-based approaches, and can easily handle complex programs. By separating the low-level from the high-level analysis, the method is easy to retarget.Experiments confirm that speed does not sacrifice precision, and that programs with extreme numbers of potential execution paths can be analyzed quickly.