An analysis of input-output relations in interaction with smart tangible objects

Authors:
Evelien van de Garde-Perik;Serge Offermans;Koen van Boerdonk;Kars-Michiel Lenssen;Elise van den Hoven
Affiliations:
Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands;Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands;Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands;Philips Research;University of Technology, Sydney and Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Venue:
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) - Special issue on interaction with smart objects, Special section on eye gaze and conversation
Year:
2013

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Abstract

This article focuses on the conceptual relation between the user's input and a system's output in interaction with smart tangible objects. Understanding this input-output relation (IO relation) is a prerequisite for the design of meaningful interaction. A meaningful IO relation allows the user to know what to do with a system to achieve a certain goal and to evaluate the outcome. The work discussed in this article followed a design research process in which four concepts were developed and prototyped. An evaluation was performed using these prototypes to investigate the effect of highly different IO relations on the user's understanding of the interaction. The evaluation revealed two types of IO relations differing in functionality and the number of mappings between the user and system actions. These two types of relations are described by two IO models that provide an overview of these mappings. Furthermore, they illustrate the role of the user and the influence of the system in the process of understanding the interaction. The analysis of the two types of IO models illustrates the value of understanding IO relations for the design of smart tangible objects.