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Iterative point matching for registration of free-form curves and surfaces
International Journal of Computer Vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multiresolution Gray-Scale and Rotation Invariant Texture Classification with Local Binary Patterns
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Lambertian Reflectance and Linear Subspaces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Overview of the Face Recognition Grand Challenge
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Adaptive Rigid Multi-region Selection for Handling Expression Variation in 3D Face Recognition
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
A 3D Facial Expression Database For Facial Behavior Research
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Multiple Nose Region Matching for 3D Face Recognition under Varying Facial Expression
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Enhancing 3D Face Recognition By Mimics Segmentation
ISDA '06 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications - Volume 03
Three-Dimensional Face Recognition Using Shapes of Facial Curves
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Integration of local and global geometrical cues for 3D face recognition
Pattern Recognition
An Efficient Multimodal 2D-3D Hybrid Approach to Automatic Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Keypoint Detection and Local Feature Matching for Textured 3D Face Recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
An Expression Deformation Approach to Non-rigid 3D Face Recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
Robust Face Recognition via Sparse Representation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Normal maps vs. visible images: Comparing classifiers and combining modalities
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
A survey of approaches and challenges in 3D and multi-modal 3D+2D face recognition
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3D Face Recognition Using Simulated Annealing and the Surface Interpenetration Measure
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Comparison of surface normal estimation methods for range sensing applications
ICRA'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Robotics and Automation
A coarse-to-fine curvature analysis-based rotation invariant 3D face landmarking
BTAS'09 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE international conference on Biometrics: Theory, applications and systems
Robust 3D Face Recognition by Local Shape Difference Boosting
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Regional registration for expression resistant 3-D face recognition
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
The quadratic-chi histogram distance family
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part II
3D Face Recognition Using Isogeodesic Stripes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
3D face recognition based on local shape patterns and sparse representation classifier
MMM'11 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Advances in multimedia modeling - Volume Part I
Robust 3D face recognition based on resolution invariant features
Pattern Recognition Letters
Fast and Accurate 3D Face Recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
Which parts of the face give out your identity?
CVPR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
A Region Ensemble for 3-D Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Representation Plurality and Fusion for 3-D Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Expression-Invariant Representations of Faces
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Face Recognition by Exploring Information Jointly in Space, Scale and Orientation
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Local Binary Patterns and Its Application to Facial Image Analysis: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
UR3D-C: Linear dimensionality reduction for efficient 3D face recognition
IJCB '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Joint Conference on Biometrics
Twins 3D face recognition challenge
IJCB '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Joint Conference on Biometrics
IJCB '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Joint Conference on Biometrics
Iterative Closest Normal Point for 3D Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
3D face recognition using local binary patterns
Signal Processing
3D Face Recognition under Expressions, Occlusions, and Pose Variations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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In the theory of differential geometry, surface normal, as a first order surface differential quantity, determines the orientation of a surface at each point and contains informative local surface shape information. To fully exploit this kind of information for 3D face recognition (FR), this paper proposes a novel highly discriminative facial shape descriptor, namely multi-scale and multi-component local normal patterns (MSMC-LNP). Given a normalized facial range image, three components of normal vectors are first estimated, leading to three normal component images. Then, each normal component image is encoded locally to local normal patterns (LNP) on different scales. To utilize spatial information of facial shape, each normal component image is divided into several patches, and their LNP histograms are computed and concatenated according to the facial configuration. Finally, each original facial surface is represented by a set of LNP histograms including both global and local cues. Moreover, to make the proposed solution robust to the variations of facial expressions, we propose to learn the weight of each local patch on a given encoding scale and normal component image. Based on the learned weights and the weighted LNP histograms, we formulate a weighted sparse representation-based classifier (W-SRC). In contrast to the overwhelming majority of 3D FR approaches which were only benchmarked on the FRGC v2.0 database, we carried out extensive experiments on the FRGC v2.0, Bosphorus, BU-3DFE and 3D-TEC databases, thus including 3D face data captured in different scenarios through various sensors and depicting in particular different challenges with respect to facial expressions. The experimental results show that the proposed approach consistently achieves competitive rank-one recognition rates on these databases despite their heterogeneous nature, and thereby demonstrates its effectiveness and its generalizability.