Directional bias and non-uniformity in FPGA global routing architectures

  • Authors:
  • Vaughn Betz;Jonathan Rose

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4;Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
  • Year:
  • 1997

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Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of the prefabricated routing track distribution on the area-efficiency of FPGAs. The first question we address is whether horizontal and vertical channels should contain the same number of tracks (capacity), or if there is a density advantage with a directional bias. Secondly, should the channels have a uniform capacity, or is there an advantage when capacities vary from channel to channel? The key result is that the most area-efficient global routing architecture is one with uniform (or very nearly uniform) channel capacities across the entire chip in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Several non-uniform and directionally-biased architectures, however, are fairly area-efficient provided that appropriate choices are made for the pin positions on the logic blocks and the logic array aspect ratio.