A language for shading and lighting calculations
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Parallel processing for computer graphics
Parallel processing for computer graphics
Stochastic ray tracing using SIMD processor arrays
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Rendering complex scenes with memory-coherent ray tracing
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Vizard II, a PCI-card for real-time volume rendering
HWWS '98 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
Interactive ray tracing for isosurface rendering
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '98
I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Smart Memories: a modular reconfigurable architecture
Proceedings of the 27th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Pomegranate: a fully scalable graphics architecture
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Ray tracing on programmable graphics hardware
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive Ray Tracing for Volume Visualization
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Exploiting Coherence for Multiprocessor Ray Tracing
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Euro-Par '02 Proceedings of the 8th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing
Interactive Distributed Ray Tracing of Highly Complex Models
Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques
Low latency photon mapping using block hashing
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
Delay streams for graphics hardware
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Path tracing using the AR350 processor
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Realtime ray tracing of dynamic scenes on an FPGA chip
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
KD-tree acceleration structures for a GPU raytracer
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
RPU: a programmable ray processing unit for realtime ray tracing
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Distributed Interactive Ray Tracing of Dynamic Scenes
PVG '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Large-Data Visualization and Graphics
Reordering for cache conscious photon mapping
GI '05 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2005
Shader Performance Analysis on a Modern GPU Architecture
Proceedings of the 38th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
DiReC: distributing the render cache to PC-clusters for interactive environments
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Exploring the use of ray tracing for future games
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Videogames
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
Ray tracing deformable scenes using dynamic bounding volume hierarchies
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Visualization in Medicine: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications
Visualization in Medicine: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications
Interactive k-d tree GPU raytracing
Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Packet-based whitted and distribution ray tracing
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
A hardware architecture for surface splatting
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Non-interleaved deferred shading of interleaved sample patterns
GH '06 Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS symposium on Graphics hardware
B-KD trees for hardware accelerated ray tracing of dynamic scenes
GH '06 Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS symposium on Graphics hardware
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Reducing Photon-Mapping Bandwidth by Query Reordering
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
StreamRay: a stream filtering architecture for coherent ray tracing
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
TRaX: a multicore hardware architecture for real-time ray tracing
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
A parallel image generation algorithm based on photon map partitioning
CGIM '08 Proceedings of the Tenth IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging
Fast ray-triangle intersection computation using reconfigurable hardware
MIRAGE'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer vision/computer graphics collaboration techniques
Architecture considerations for tracing incoherent rays
Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Graphics
An efficient parallel architecture for ray-tracing
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
Improving Data Locality for Efficient In-Core Path Tracing
Computer Graphics Forum
Real-time scene simulator for thermal infrared localization
Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference
Parallel processing of intersections for ray-tracing in application-specific processors and GPGPUs
Microprocessors & Microsystems
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The ray tracing algorithmis well-known for its ability to generate high-quality images and its flexibility to support advanced rendering and lighting effects. Interactive ray tracing has been shown to work well on clusters of PCs and supercomputers but direct hardware support for ray tracing has been difficult to implement.In this paper, we present a new, scalable, modular, and highly efficient hardware architecture for real-time ray tracing. It achieves high performance with extremely low memory bandwidth requirements by efficiently tracing bundles of rays. The architecture is easily configurable to support a variety of workloads. For OpenGL-like scenes our architecture offers performance comparable to state-of-the-artrasterization chips. In addition, it supports all the usual ray tracing features including exact shadows, reflections, and refraction and is capable of efficiently handling complex scenes with millions of triangles. The architecture and its performance in different configurations is analyzed based on cycle-accurate simulations.